4 10 80 https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/66429cf7aae150543a739f05f96cbb60.jpeg 04d62820d9f0cae1077bc92eae2b5274 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image of the World Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Imago mundi Description An account of the resource Pierre d’Ailly’s Imago mundi was written in 1410; this printed edition adds several related treatises and was published in the 1480s. Christopher Columbus used and annotated it when he was developing his plan to reach Asia by sailing west. D’Ailly (1351-1420) wrote the first thirteen of eighteen treatises contained within the Imago mundi, with the last five being written by Jean Gerson (1363-1429). Columbus added almost a thousand annotations to his copy. D’Ailly, like Gerson, was a bishop; his Imago mundi was written in part to study astrological and religious cosmography. The Imago mundi is made up of treatises intended to bring all geographical knowledge into a single manuscript. Manuscripts like this aimed to place the Earth within the universe, both physically (through celestial maps) and spiritually, with maps that tie elements to geography. These connections could show how God had created the world, as everything was tied together and connected. The Imago mundi also recorded estimates of the size of the earth and the Eurasian continent which allowed Columbus to believe that the distance from Portugal to India was much shorter than it was. The Imago mundi contains seven pages of printed maps with added color, mostly focusing on celestial and zonal maps. These maps tend to not focus on landmasses, but rather how the Earth functions within a broader universe. The earth is split into five sections in the zone map. The uppermost and lowermost parts of the north-oriented map represent uninhabitable zones, due to temperatures being too low. The central section, containing the equator, was thought to also be uninhabitable due to temperatures being too high. The two habitable zones, in this case north of the Tropic of Cancer and south of the Tropic of Capricorn, are the spaces where humans can settle. The Imago mundi was written before d’Ailly had access to Ptolemy’s “Geography”, and d’Ailly later published more works that supplemented and complemented his Imago mundi with the information he had gained. He was very interested in Ptolemy’s ideas of climate zones, as they did not fully agree with his own; in particular, the habitable zones did not match fully. His later work, “Compendium,” acts as a summary of Ptolemy’s “Geography”, but with d’Ailly’s views superimposed as well. (Eleanor Lewin, 2027) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pierre d'Ailly Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seville, Biblioteca Colombina Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps in book Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <div class="csl-bib-body"> <div class="csl-entry">Pierre d’Ailly and Jean Gerson. Imago mundi. Madrid: Testimonio Compañía Editorial, 1990.</div> </div> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1480-1482 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. wood cut Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Relation A related resource https://www.facsimilefinder.com/facsimiles/columbus-imago-mundi-facsimile Language A language of the resource Latin, Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Zone map, cosmographical diagram Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991017519789302971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Special Collections (Books) ; G94 .A292 1990</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. The world, the solar system References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Cosgrove, Denis E. “Images of Renaissance Cartography 1450-1650.” In The History of Cartography, vol. 3, part 1, Images of Renaissance Cosmography, 1450–1650, ed. David Woodward. 55-98 Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Edson, Evelyn. “Chapter 3: The Nature of Things.” Mapping Time and Space : How Medieval Mapmakers Viewed Their World. London: British Library, 1999. Gautier Dalché, Patrick. “The Reception of Ptolemy’s Geography.” In The History of Cartography, vol. 3, part 1, Cartography in the European Renaissance, ed. David Woodward. 285-364 Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Smoller, Laura Ackerman. History, prophecy, and the stars: the Christian astrology of Pierre d’Ailly 1350-1420. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994. Wey Gómez, Nicolás. The Tropics of Empire: Why Columbus Sailed South to the Indies. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2008. Woodward, David. “Medieval Mappaemundi.” In The History of Cartography, vol. 1, part 3, Cartography in Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean, ed. J.B. Harley and David Woodward. 286-370 Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. climate zones Columbus cosmography cosmology India Indies manuscript measurement theology Zone map https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/08596bea5116d0fc8d6be6c20dba73ba.jpg 16284b3820f232c168a76d6899d3f07d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Khalili Portolan Atlas Description An account of the resource With 62 sheets on Venetian paper stained with black splotches throughout, the Khalili Portolan Atlas combines minimalist portolan charts depicting the cities along various coastlines of the Black Sea and the Mediterranean with several city views of notable cities such as Venice and Istanbul. The portolan style maps feature small building icons denoting the location of cities, as well as elaborately drawn ships in the sea near many of the coastlines. These charts use yellows, oranges, blues, and other bright colors to depict islands and outline landmasses. Of particular note is the large quantity of blank space within these coastline maps—both in the sea and the inland portions of the maps. The city views also contain bright colors, but they feature much greater detail in terms of the buildings shown, and the use of size and curvature to create perspective. Also of importance is the somewhat ambiguous creatorship of the atlas as a whole. Although most of the maps—particularly the portolan charts—are nearly identical to others by Piri Reis in his earlier works, the Kitâb-i Bahriye, it is unknown who compiled them with the city views, and whether or not they were all made by Piri Reis himself or a later individual using his work as a reference. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Piri Reis Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived London, Nasser D. Khalili Collection of Islamic Arts, MS. 718. Formerly in the private Istanbul collection of Halil Bezmen. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Atlas Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Soucek, Svat. Piri Reis & Turkish Mapmaking after Columbus: The Khalili Portolan Atlas. New York: Nour Foundation in association with Azimuth Editions and Oxford University Press, 1996. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Late 17th century Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Manuscript Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Relation A related resource https://art.thewalters.org/detail/19195/book-on-navigation-2/ [a copy of the Piri Reis's Kitâb-i Bahriye] Language A language of the resource Turkish/Arabic Type The nature or genre of the resource Atlas Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/luveef/alma991015206579702971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Carleton Library Special Collections (Folio) GA1303.5.A1 S65 1992</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Rogers, J.M. “Itineraries and Town Views in Ottoman Histories.” In The History of Cartography, vol. 2, Book 1, edited by J.B. Harley and David Woodward, 228-255. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992. Soucek, Svat. "Islamic Charting in the Mediterranean." In The History of Cartography, vol. 2, Book 1, edited by J. B. Harley and David Woodward, 263-292. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/08eea7e44c48cc2027b14fc938a356b8.jpeg d1792000141be4972a0d659149b59e5a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Khalili Portolan Atlas Description An account of the resource The Khalili Portolan Atlas takes its reader on a tour through what comes to feel like a familiar, coherent world of Mediterranean ports. Most notable among the features of individual charts within the Atlas are the frequent appearance of detailed ship illustrations and the use of highly schematized coastlines with rounded inlets. The Atlas also presents city views of Istanbul, Venice, and Cairo, as well as numerous illustrations of mountains and rivers. Place names appear in Arabic script. The Atlas does not provide directions on how to get from one port to the next, nor do its individual maps provide noticeable changes in scale to provide a spatial context for viewing each individual map. However, the distinct style of the coastlines and familiarity of the ships provide a sense of continuity as the reader flips from one page to the next. In addition to its artistic merit, the Khalili Portolan Atlas is notable for its adaptation of charts from Piri Reis’s kitāb-i bahrīye (Book of Navigation), itself a landmark in the history of sixteenth-century Mediterranean cartography for its exhaustive coverage of the Mediterranean coasts and islands. Composed in the late seventeenth-century, the Khalili Portolan Atlas draws extensively on the wealth of pictorial and factual information provided by Piri Reis’s early sixteenth-century charts of the Mediterranean. (Ryan Baldwin '19) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Piri Reis and unknown Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived London, Nasser D. Khalili Collection of Islamic Arts, MS 718. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Atlas Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Soucek, Svatopluk and Muʼassasat Nūr al-Ḥusayn. Piri Reis & Turkish Mapmaking after Columbus. London: Nour Foundation in Association with Azimuth Editions, 1992. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Late 17th century Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. manuscript Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN. Language A language of the resource Arabic Type The nature or genre of the resource Atlas Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <div class="freebirdFormviewerViewItemsItemItem freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextTextItem"> <div class="freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextItemWrapper"> <div class="freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextShortText freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextDisabledText freebirdThemedInput"><a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991015206579702971">Carleton Gould Library Special Collections (Folio), GA1303.5.A1 S65 1992</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="freebirdFormviewerViewItemsItemItem freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextTextItem"> <div class="freebirdFormviewerViewItemsItemItemHeader"> <div class="freebirdFormviewerViewItemsItemItemTitleContainer"></div> </div> </div> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Eastern Mediterranean References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. George Tolias, “Isolarii, Fifteenth to Sixteenth Century,” in The History of Cartography, Volume 3: Cartography in the European Renaissance, ed. David Woodward (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007), 269-270. Ibrahim Yilmaz, “The Kitabi Bahriye (Book of Navigation) of Piri Reis,” The Cartographic Journal 47, no. 3 (2010): 278–283. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. city views islands mountains portolan portolan chart rivers ships https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/ae2c98500c098d90e4f0d845537a97f6.jpg 2c5775a00cc236bbdfba4e15a4954824 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource King Henry's Map of the British Isles: BL Cotton MS Augustus I i 9 Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Angliae Figura Description An account of the resource King Henry VIII’s map of the British Isles, titled ‘Angliae Figura’, or the shape of England, was the most realistic depiction of Britain at the time, and was gifted to the King in 1537 by the Archdeacon of Rochester. The cardinal directions are labeled on each side of the map, with north at the top. At the center of the map is the Mare Hybernicum, the Irish Sea, which separates Ireland from England, Scotland, and Wales. Ireland and Scotland are depicted in yellow, while England and Wales are depicted together in white. Few places are labeled in both Ireland and Scotland, but England and Wales are heavily labeled with the towns inside those areas. Mountain ranges in all the areas are marked by raised lumps: in Ireland and Wales, there appear to be more clusters of mountains than in Scotland and England, whose mountains appear in lines. Small islands around Ireland and to the left of Scotland are labeled either as individual islands or as island groups. Beneath England lies the Mare Britanicum, or British Sea. Though cut off, the map also depicts the northernmost coastal region of France. The detailed features made it the most accurate map of the area to date. The map was a New Year’s gift and has become a rather famous representation of King Henry VIII’s realm. The map is on parchment and measures 65 by 45 centimeters. The map hung in Hampton Court, Henry VIII’s most famous residence, and displayed some of England’s biggest rivals, namely Scotland and France, along with the kingdom itself. In his introduction to the facsimile, Peter Barber notes how this map represents not only the King’s preoccupations, but his ambitions as well, which included attempting to subjugate Scotland. He also allied with Charles V of Spain and declared war on France, following the Pope’s decree for Spain and France to invade England after Henry VIII split from the Catholic Church. Margaret Lachman '21 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource sheet map Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Barber, Peter. King Henry’s Map of the British Isles: BL Cotton MS Augustus I i 9. London: Folio Society, 2009. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1536x1537 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. manuscript Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Relation A related resource Harper, Tom. "Tour de British Library: A Historic Journey." <a href="https://blogs.bl.uk/magnificentmaps/2014/07/tour-de-british-library-a-historic-journey.html">Maps and Views Blog</a>. British Library. Facsimile Finder - Medieval Manuscript Facsimiles. “King Henry’s Map of the British Isles.” Accessed May 3, 2021. <a href="https://www.facsimilefinder.com/facsimiles/king-henry-s-map-of-the-british-isles-facsimile">https://www.facsimilefinder.com/facsimiles/king-henry-s-map-of-the-british-isles-facsimile</a>. Language A language of the resource Latin Type The nature or genre of the resource regional map Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991002196999702971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Carleton Library Special Collections Map (Map, Rolled) (G5741 .S45 1536)</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. British Isles, Northern France References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Barber, Peter. “Mapmaking in England, ca. 1470-1650.” In The History of Cartography, vol. 3, edited by David Woodward, 1589-1669. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. <div class="csl-bib-body"> <div class="csl-entry"> <div class="csl-bib-body"> <div class="csl-entry"></div> </div> </div> </div> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived London, British Library Cotton MS Augustus I i 9 England Europe facsimile Ireland Scotland Wales https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/9941cc1d5aa846b558c7fc5b9c527385.jpeg 4ec8fec2ff0b4cbcb6f39ff19386f65a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Magdeburg Description An account of the resource This is a city view woodcut of the city of Magdeburg from the Nuremberg Chronicle, an incunable, or early printed book, published in 1493 that describes the history of the world along with geographical information about European and Middle Eastern countries and towns. The book was the collective work of a group of humanists from Nuremburg: it was mainly written by Hartman Schedel and illustrated with woodcuts made in the studio of Michael Wolgemut. It is the most extensively illustrated book of the 15th century, combining type and woodcuts on the same page for the first time. This chronicle contains two different kinds of city views, one page views that are more fantastical, and realistic two-page spreads that are based on observation. This illustration of Magdeburg is one of the thirty-two realistic town views included in the incunable. This illustration covers the bottom half of a two-page spread below German text. The woodcut itself depicts the city of Magdeburg spreading up from the banks of the river Elbe on which it sits. A large ship sits in the water, as well as a mill with two wheels and two figures on docks. Turreted walls surround the city at the water’s edge. Behind it, each building has been rendered with careful detail, including landmarks of the city such as several gothic churches, a statue, and buildings with towers. These landmarks seem to have been highlighted because of their slightly larger than realistic size. In the background beyond the buildings a pastoral area is visible. There is some damage along the middle of the spread where the two pages meet, but the woodcut is in otherwise good condition. (Astrid Steiner-Manning ‘22) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Peter H. Meurer, “Cartography in the German Lands, 1450-1650.” In The History of Cartography Vol. 3, edited by David Woodward, 1193-1194. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Nuvoloni, Laura. “Nuremburg Chronicles” University of Cambridge Digital Library, Treasures of the Library. Accessed April 23, 2021, https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PR-INC-00000-A-00007-00002-00888/404. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource sheet map removed from an atlas or book Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1493 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. wood cut Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Language A language of the resource German Type The nature or genre of the resource city view Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Magdeburg References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Peter H. Meurer, “Cartography in the German Lands, 1450-1650.” In The History of Cartography Vol. 3, edited by David Woodward, 1193-1194. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Nuvoloni, Laura. “Nuremburg Chronicles” University of Cambridge Digital Library, Treasures of the Library. Accessed April 23, 2021, <a href="https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PR-INC-00000-A-00007-00002-00888/404">https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PR-INC-00000-A-00007-00002-00888/404</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991017828419102971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Special Collections (Flat Files) ; G5700 1400-1800 Map 01</a> cathedral churches city views city walls Germany Magdeburg Nuremberg Chronicle rivers statues https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/995588369e452578689908327de9871d.jpg 36932850b830b79dab4f4bd4563d8bee Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Magdeburg Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Magdeburgum Description An account of the resource This 1577 printed map provides a bird’s eye view of Magdeburg, a central city in Germany situated along the Elbe. When Braun and Hogenberg decided to include Magdeburg in their city atlas, it was one of the “largest and most prosperous German cities.” First published in the 16th century, the Civitates orbis terrarum was the first six-volume atlas to include maps of town views and plans around the world; the Magdeburg map was included in the first volume, published in Latin. Magdeburg is printed on a two-page opening and is preceded by a one-page written description of the town in Latin and minimal Greek. The map is oriented East-up, placing the city within its walls and is surrounded by vast fields and smaller neighboring towns. Most remarkable are the four people in the foreground on a hill. Many other maps in the atlas also included figures showcasing local attire and may even point out socioeconomic differences depending on what the figure is doing and wearing. The large cartouche on the bottom-left corner is in Latin, when translated, it explains how Magdeburg was 1) once called Parthenopolis, 2) is the capital of Saxony, and 3) is known for its city walls and proximity to the Elbe. The Magdeburg Coat of Arms can be seen in the upper-right portion of the map, depicting a maiden standing on a city wall, in between two towers, holding a wreath above her head. The 1572 version of the map was copper engraved and later hand-colored. Developed in parallel with Ortelius’ Theatrum orbis terrarum, the Civitates orbis terrarum atlas consisted of copies of maps from printed models or unpublished primary sources. While Hogenberg did engrave this particular version of the Magdeburg map, it was more than likely not an original creation. Following the second volume of the atlas, named De præcipius, totius universi urbibus liber secundus, maps contained in the expanding atlas now included illustrations sent in by readers. In total, the different versions of the atlas all included under the Civitates orbis terrarum title contain 363 maps. (Crisitina Camarillo '23 and Jacob Sanders '25) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Georg Braun and Frans Hogenberg Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Sheet map removed from atlas. 32 x 42 cm Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1572. Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Copper engraving Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Language A language of the resource Latin Type The nature or genre of the resource City Map Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1v6hqgu/alma991017888695902971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Carleton Library Special Collections (Flat Files) (G5700 1400-1800 Map 08)</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Magdeburg Magdeburg, Germany References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Braun, Georg, Joris Hoefnagel, and Simon Novellanus. Civitates Orbis Terrarum. Atlas. Cologne, Germany: Peter von Brachel, 1640. Accessed February 27, 2023. https://exhibits.stanford.edu/leonardo/catalog/db076zm5895. Woodward, David. "The History of Cartography Volume Three: Cartography in the European Renaissance Part 2." 2007. In The History of Cartography: Cartography in the European Renaissance, 1235-340. Vol. 3. Chicago, United States of America: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Accessed March 6, 2023. https://press.uchicago.edu/books/HOC/HOC_V3_Pt2/Volume3_Part2.html. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Braun, Georg, and Frans Hogenberg. “Magdeburgum.” Coloniae Agrippinae [Cologne: Apud Godefridum Kempensem, 1577. city view Civitates orbis terrarum Elbe river Germany Magdeburg https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/3c9a060f5f9843eac095ce0a49604ac9.JPG 266d69b34ed1c2b72dc77b836f7239b5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Central Europe Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Germania Karte, Redaction A of the Cusanus Map Description An account of the resource The original version of this map, published ca. 1490 in Florence, was created by Henricus Martellus from the previous work of Nicolaus Cusanus. Cusanus can be credited with the creation of the first modern map of central Europe. Martellus’s version of this region was published in his Insularium illustratum, as one part of an atlas of the Aegean sea. The work of both Cusanus and Martellus emerged within the German humanist tradition, and it is likely that Martellus moved from Nuremberg to Florence when Nuremberg was the center of the German Renaissance during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. While we do not know much of the life of Henricus Martellus, we do know that Cusanus was educated in the humanist style, with proficiency in astronomy, political science, and Islamic studies, to name a few. Henricus Martellus’s work can be grouped into three distinct categories, his Insularium, editions of Ptolemy’s Geography, and a wall map of the world created around the same time as this map of central Europe. The map itself occupies two manuscript pages laid flat and covers the region from the Netherlands to the Black Sea and from the Adriatic Sea to Denmark. Drawn in a rectangle, this map has a stylized border. Geographical features make up the entirety of this map, with no religious, magical, or animalistic depictions. The various geographical markers include mountains, bodies of water (oceans, lakes, and rivers), and groupings of trees. Each town or city depicted is drawn with an accompanying building, which seems to vary in size depending on the given town’s population and importance. All notations on this map are written in Latin. Notably in the southwestern corner of this map is a large collection of mountains, dividing Italy and the Adriatic from the rest of the landmass. These mountains are drawn artistically, conveying a sense of movement and traversability, with waterways and towns scattered between various stretches of mountain range. There are four large bodies of water depicted in dark blue which create some of the most striking features of the map. To the north there is the Mare Germanicum and Germanicum, divided by what seems to be Denmark. To the far east is the Mare Maior, and to the south the Adriatici Maris. The most densely populated area of this map surrounds Bohemia, which is situated just left of center. As one moves eastward the density of towns and geographical features decreases. (Riley Gibson 2026) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Henricus Martellus Germania Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, MS Magl. XIII. 16 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Map in Manuscript Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Kreuer, Werner. Monumenta cartographica 1490-1525 : kartographische Denkmäler, ein Triumph über die Zeit : Essener Bearbeitung von sechs Tafeln aus der Frühzeit der Kartographie mit sechs Vollfaksimilierungen. Essen: Institut für Geographie der Universität GH Essen, 1996. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca. 1490 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Manuscript Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Language A language of the resource Latin Type The nature or genre of the resource Regional map Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991015014199702971">Carleton Gould Library Special Collections Map (Flat Files) GA873.5.K73 1996 </a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Central Europe References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Meurer, Peter H. “Cartography in the German Lands, 1450-1650.” In The History of Cartography vol. 3, part 2, Cartography in the European Renaissance, ed. David Woodward. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Dalché, Patrick Gautier. “The Reception of Ptolemy’s Geography (End of the Fourteenth to Beginning of the Sixteenth Century).” In The History of Cartography vol. 3, part 1, Cartography in the European Renaissance, ed. David Woodward. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Van Duzer, Chet. “Henricus Martellus and His Work.” In Henricus Martellus’s World Map at Yale (c. 1491) : Multispectral Imaging, Sources, and Influence. 1st ed. 2019. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76840-3. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. Alps Central Europe German Humanism Germany mountains oceans https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/bbc6d149f6b6cadbdb0a3d2387989863.jpg bc95b614b551062580828cf55bc09ab2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Florence Description An account of the resource At only two feet by four feet, the Map of Florence (Veduta della Catena) engraving depicts an intricate city view of Florence, Italy. Expressive, wavy lines are used to denote water, while cross-hatching and linear styles are used to give buildings and landscapes depth and volume. The perspective of the viewer is that of an observer standing on a hill above the city looking down. In fact, there is an artist in the bottom right corner of the map sketching the city from a similar vantage point. Similar oblique birds-eye views of cities were created throughout the Middle Ages to capture realistic, detailed representations of the “normal experience of an individual” in a local area (Harvey, 1987). This city view is distinctly divided into a foreground, middle ground, and background. The foreground shows day-to-day activities on a human scale, including fishing, boating, and horseback riding. The middle ground is occupied by the city center of Florence, which is enclosed by a tall, crenellated wall and also bounded on the near side by the river, with bridges leading into the city. The city center is densely packed with buildings, though few people are present, and the entire map centers on the cathedral. The tall dome of the cathedral draw the viewer’s eye upward to the background of the map, which is dominated by sparsely populated rolling hills fading backward to tall, angular mountains. This city view of Florence showcases several features that make cities great, according to Botero (1588). These include substantial fortifications, pleasing natural scenery, access to waterways for transport and trade, and a consolidated city center. The entire map is enclosed by a linked chain with a three-dimensional padlock in the upper left corner within the frame of the map. The chain creates the illusion of depth while also highlighting the economic, political, and cultural value of Florence. Containing the entire architectural framework of the city, the chain emphasizes the importance of preserving the artistry of Florence as well as the city’s role as a center of trade and seat of power in Central Italy (Altcappenberg, 1994). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Francesco Rosselli Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <div class="freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextItemWrapper"> <div class="freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextShortText freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextDisabledText freebirdThemedInput">Berlin, Kupferstichkabinett, Die große Ansicht von Florenz, <a href="http://www.smb-digital.de/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=944067&viewType=detailView,%20899-100">http://www.smb-digital.de/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=944067&viewType=detailView, 899-100</a>.</div> </div> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Single map Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Kreuer, Schulze Altcappenberg, and Staatliche Museen Zu Berlin--Preussischer Kulturbesitz. Kupferstichkabinett--Sammlung Der Zeichnungen Und Druckgraphik. Veduta Della Catena, Fiorenza = Die Grosse Ansicht Von Florenz : Essener Bearbeitung Der Grossen Ansicht Von Florenz Des Berliner Kupferstichkabinetts : Der Kettenplan. Berlin: Wasmuth, 1998. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1485x1500 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. engraving Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN fadelye Relation A related resource <a href="http://www.smb-digital.de/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=944067&viewType=detailView">http://www.smb-digital.de/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=944067&viewType=detailView</a> Language A language of the resource Italian Type The nature or genre of the resource City view Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991015798679702971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Special Collections (Folio) DG733 .K738 1998 , Special Collections Map (Map, Rolled) DG733 .K738 1998</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Firenze References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Harvey, P. D. A. “Local and Regional Cartography in Medieval Europe.” In History of Cartography Volume I, edited by J. B. Harley and David Woodward, 464-501. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. Altcappenberg, Hein-Th Schulze. "The great view of Florence (The "Chain Plan")." In The Berlin Kupferstichkabinett: A collection handbook, edited by Alexander Dückers. Berlin: Hatje Cantz, 1994. "La Veduta della Catena – Florence and its Monuments." Google Arts and Culture, accessed June 1, 2018. <a href="https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/JAIiVU6eaWEIJQ">https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/JAIiVU6eaWEIJQ</a> Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Veduta della Catena artists borders cathedral church drawing fishing horses landscape mountains people trees Wall Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Great Britain Description An account of the resource In the thirteenth century, a monk by the name of Matthew Paris entered the Abbey of St. Albans. During his time as a monk, he created many works of history with extensive illustrations, including several beautifully detailed maps of Great Britain. This map, showing all of Great Britain, highlights rivers and regions primarily. It is highly schematized, representing how people at the time perceived the terrain, as opposed to the geographic reality. Additionally, this map highlights the many towns and cities scattered throughout the British mainland, as well as cultural or political divisions. Hadrian’s Wall is displayed prominently, dividing Scotland from the rest of England. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Matthew Paris Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived British Library, Cotton MS Claudius D VI, Folio 12v. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Matthew Paris, Four Maps of Great Britain, ed. J. P. Gilson. London: Oxford University Press, 1928. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 13th Century Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN. Relation A related resource www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/mapsviews/mapgb/large17694.html Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .jpg Language A language of the resource Latin Type The nature or genre of the resource Regional Map Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991008258729702971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Carleton Library, Special Collections (Folio) GA793.3 .P3 1928</a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Local 13th century Britain coastline England Hadrian's Wall itinerary manuscript Matthew Paris rivers Scotland St Albans https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/356e36488ba574298beb1163de1bf27a.jpg 5efa60259de39e4631791c26afd7301e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Halle Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Darstellung des Grundrisses und Prospectes der Königl. Preußisch-Magdeburgischen und des Saal-Crayses Haupt Stadt HALLE, welcher daselbst Kosten und Verlag Iohann Baptistae Homanna der Röm. Kays. Mai. Geographi und Mitglids der Königl. Preuss Societät der Wißenschaffte, ist ausgemeßen und Geometrice verzeichnet worden von I.C Homann der Medicin und Mathematic Studioso zufinden in Nürnberg bey dem Authore. Description An account of the resource The center of this map depicts an overview of the city of Halle, with a profile view and three snapshots of life in the city along the bottom. The text of this map is in German, with the title indicating it as a depiction and view of Halle, the capital of one of the districts of Prussia-Magdeburg. The title also notes that this map was from the publishing house of Johann Baptist Homann and contributed to by his son Johann Christoph Homann. This map, published around 1730, is likely from Johann Baptist Homann’s Großer Atlas über die ganze Welt, originally published in 1716 as an expansion to his original 1707 Atlas über die ganze Welt. The map itself is similar in style to a number of other city views that the Homann firm published. After Johann Baptist’s death in 1724, his son Johann Christoph took over the company until his own death in 1730. Given the dedication in the title to both Johann Baptist and his son, it is likely that it was included in a later edition of the Großer Atlas published under Johann Christoph. However, after Johann Christoph’s early death, the heirs to the firm (Johann Georg Erbesberger, a copper engraver working for the company, and Johann Michael Franz, a University friend of Johann Christoph’s) continued to work in his style for at least two years. Additionally, the lack of a date in the title is also characteristic of pre-Homann Heirs work. After 1737, the Homann firm would consistently date their maps. This places the date of production around the time of Johann Christoph’s death. The copper engraving is colored with bright greens, pinks, and blues, which make the map very vibrant. Given its publication in the mid-eighteenth century this map includes many indications of the cultural moment of the Enlightenment. The renderings at the bottom of the city view includes two factory scenes from the salt industry of Halle. The two drawings are supplemented by a view of an auditorium during a lecture. This combination emphasizes the manual and intellectual labor of a larger city like Halle. Johann Christoph even studied medicine in Halle before taking over his father’s company. The map also includes a detailed key to the numbering of the buildings, river, and fields within and surrounding the city. The attention to detail and quality of the engravings leave no doubt as to why the Homann firm was one of the leading European cartographical publishing firms of the eighteenth century. (Riley Gibson 2026) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johann Baptist Homann and Johann Christoph Homann Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Unknown Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Sheet map removed from atlas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca. 1730 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Engraving Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Language A language of the resource German Type The nature or genre of the resource City map Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1qvg0jh/alma991017900087902971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Carleton Library Special Collections (Flat Files) </a><a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1qvg0jh/alma991017900087902971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">(G5700 1400-1800 Map 37)</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Halle References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Diefenbacher, Michael, Markus Heinz, Ruth Bach-Damaskinos, Stadtgeschichtliche Museen Nürnberg., Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin--Preussischer Kulturbesitz., and Stadtarchiv Nürnberg. “Auserlesene und allerneueste Landkarten” : der Verlag Homann in Nürnberg 1702-1848. Nürnberg: Tümmels, 2002. Edney, Matthew H. “German States.” In The History of Cartography vol. 4, part 1, Cartography in the European Enlightenment, ed. Matthew H. Edney and Mary Sponberg Pedley. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2019. Heinz, Markus. “A Programme for Map Publishing: The Homann Firm in the Eighteenth Century.” Imago Mundi (Lympne) 49, no. 1 (1997): 104–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085699708592862. Heinz, Markus. “Homman Family.” In The History of Cartography vol. 4, part 1, Cartography in the European Enlightenment, ed. Matthew H. Edney and Mary Sponberg Pedley. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2019. Neumann, Joachim. “Geographical Mapping in the German States.” In The History of Cartography vol. 4, part 1, Cartography in the European Enlightenment, ed. Matthew H. Edney and Mary Sponberg Pedley. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2019. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. Copper engraving Enlightenment Germany Industry rivers