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                <text>Catalan map</text>
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                <text>This is a circular map (dia. 113 cm.)from 1450 incorporating elements form mappaemundi and portolan charts. It depicts Europe, Asia, and Africa. The map has windrose (rhumb) lines and coastal cities labeled perpendicular to the coast like a portolan chart.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Europe various regions have flags depicting ownership, while in Africa and Asia large depictions of seated figures in tents show the local rulers. The Indian Ocean is open, unlike in from Ptolemy's description. In it, there are large numbers of circular red and blue islands, a ship, and several mermaids. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Mediterranean region is almost completely a portolan chart with Sicily and several other islands having detailed coasts and internal cities. The ocean clearly goes all the way around Europe, Africa and Asia. Throughout the map, cities are portrayed as a collection of towers sometimes with mosques depending on the region. Mountain ranges are depicted in green, and the Atlas mountains are very prominent on the map. Africa gets very narrow below West Africa before widening out into a crescent shape that is almost entirely unlabeled. (Oscar Smith '20)</text>
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                <text>Modena, Biblioteca Estense. MS C.G.A. 1.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Mapamundi catalán, ca. 1450, &lt;/em&gt;ed. &lt;br /&gt;Ernesto Milano and Annalisa Battini. Barcelona: M. Moleiro 1996.</text>
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                <text>1450-1460</text>
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                <text>Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN</text>
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                <text>smitho</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991005917659702971"&gt;Special Collections (Flat Files) ; G6714.R7 .A57 1645&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Europe, Africa, Asia</text>
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            <name>References</name>
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                <text>Edson, Evelyn. &lt;em&gt;The World Map 1300-1492: The Persistence of Tradition and Transformation. &lt;/em&gt;Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007.</text>
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                <text>Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use.</text>
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                <text>Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use.</text>
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                <text>Estense map </text>
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                <text>Rome in the time of Clement VIII</text>
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                <text>The Plan of Rome by Antonio Tempesta, created by Antonio Tempesta in 1593, is an enormous map of the city that stretches across 12 separate plates. The map is drawn from an imaginary viewpoint located high above the ground on the west side of the city. This perspective has the effect of expanding the nearby landmarks such as the Vatican, while compressing the further away buildings and roads like the Colliseum. Several roads and buildings are labelled, as is the river. The drawing focuses on the city within the walls, leaving the land outside the walls blank except for the the Tiber. The map was widely reproduce by Giovanni Giacomo De Rossi, and its style of perspective was copied by later cartographers such as Giovanni Maggi.</text>
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                <text>Antonio Tempesta</text>
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                <text>Roma al tempo di Clemente VIII: La pianta di Roma di Antonio Tempesta del 1593 riprodotta da una copia vaticana del 1606. Vatican City, 1932.</text>
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                <text>Tempesta, Antonio. Plan of the City of Rome. Place of Publication Not Identified: Published by Giovanni Domenico De Rossi, 1645.</text>
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                <text>1593</text>
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                <text>Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/381436" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/381436&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Italian</text>
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            <description>A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource.</description>
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                <text>Woodward, David. The History of Cartography. Vol. 3. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.</text>
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                <text>Roma al tempo di Clemente VIII</text>
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                <text>Khalili Portolan Atlas</text>
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                <text>The Khalili Portolan Atlas takes its reader on a tour through what comes to feel like a familiar, coherent world of Mediterranean ports. Most notable among the features of individual charts within the Atlas are the frequent appearance of detailed ship illustrations and the use of highly schematized coastlines with rounded inlets. The Atlas also presents city views of Istanbul, Venice, and Cairo, as well as numerous illustrations of mountains and rivers. Place names appear in Arabic script. The Atlas does not provide directions on how to get from one port to the next, nor do its individual maps provide noticeable changes in scale to provide a spatial context for viewing each individual map. However, the distinct style of the coastlines and familiarity of the ships provide a sense of continuity as the reader flips from one page to the next. &#13;
&#13;
In addition to its artistic merit, the Khalili Portolan Atlas is notable for its adaptation of charts from Piri Reis’s kitāb-i bahrīye (Book of Navigation), itself a landmark in the history of sixteenth-century Mediterranean cartography for its exhaustive coverage of the Mediterranean coasts and islands. Composed in the late seventeenth-century, the Khalili Portolan Atlas draws extensively on the wealth of pictorial and factual information provided by Piri Reis’s early sixteenth-century charts of the Mediterranean. (Ryan Baldwin '19)</text>
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                <text>London, Nasser D. Khalili Collection of Islamic Arts, MS 718.</text>
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                <text>Soucek, Svatopluk and Muʼassasat Nūr al-Ḥusayn. &lt;em&gt;Piri Reis &amp;amp; Turkish Mapmaking after Columbus.&lt;/em&gt; London: Nour Foundation in Association with Azimuth Editions, 1992.</text>
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                <text>Late 17th century</text>
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                <text> Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN. </text>
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                <text>Eastern Mediterranean&#13;
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                <text>George Tolias, “Isolarii, Fifteenth to Sixteenth Century,” in &lt;em&gt;The History of Cartography, Volume 3: Cartography in the European Renaissance&lt;/em&gt;, ed. David Woodward (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007), 269-270.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ibrahim Yilmaz, “The Kitabi Bahriye (Book of Navigation) of Piri Reis,” &lt;em&gt;The Cartographic Journal&lt;/em&gt; 47, no. 3 (2010): 278–283.</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use.</text>
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                <text>The &lt;em&gt;Liber Insularum Archipelagi&lt;/em&gt; is an island book (&lt;em&gt;insularium&lt;/em&gt; in Latin, &lt;em&gt;isolario&lt;/em&gt; in Italian) written by a Florentine monk Cristoforo Buondelmonti around 1420. One of the first and most influential island books, it was widely circulated in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries. It offers an encyclopedic and antiquarian atlas of 79 places in the Ionian and Aegean seas along with accompanying descriptive texts. While most of the featured places are islands, some are groups of islands and coastal places, including Constantinople, Gallipoli, the shores of the Dardanelles, Mount Athos, and Athens. Buondelmonti’s sources are likely ancient writings, existing cartographical traditions such as portolan charts and regional maps, and his firsthand experience and inquiry. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The cartography of the &lt;em&gt;Liber Insularum Archipelagi&lt;/em&gt; fits best into the pattern of early regional geography. One of the highlights of &lt;em&gt;Liber&lt;/em&gt; is a map of the city of Constantinople and its surrounding region. Careful delineation emphasizes architectural structures, fortifications, monuments, civic buildings, ports, and lighthouses. Besides its static view of the city, the map also captures a dynamic moment as it depicts cannon balls shooting at ships passing through the Bosporus. This map of Constantinople offers an important reference to the mapping of the Byzantine capital before Turkish conquest in 1453. (Russell Li '19)</text>
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                <text>Cristoforo Buondelmonti </text>
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                <text>Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf Ms. G 13</text>
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                <text>Buondelmonti, Cristoforo. &lt;em&gt;Cristoforo Buondelmonti, Liber Insularum Archipelagi: Universitäts- Und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf Ms. G 13, Faksimile.&lt;/em&gt; Wiesbaden: Reichert, 2005.</text>
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                <text>Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/urn/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-36224" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/urn/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-36224&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Regional map</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991015567099702971"&gt;Carleton Gould Library Special Collections (Folio) DF895 .B8615 2005&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Aegean Islands</text>
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                <text>Buondelmonti, Cristoforo. &lt;em&gt;Description of the Aegean and Other Islands.&lt;/em&gt; Trans. by Evelyn Edson. New York: Italica Press, 2017. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Della Dora, Veronica. “Mapping a Holy Quasi-Island: Mount Athos in Early Renaissance Isolarii.” &lt;em&gt;Imago Mundi&lt;/em&gt; 60, no. 2 (July 2008): 139–65. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Manners, Ian R. "Constructing the Image of a City: The Representation of Constantinople in Christopher Buondelmonti's Liber Insularum Archipelagi." &lt;em&gt;Annals of the Association of American Geographers&lt;/em&gt; 87, no. 1 (1997): 72-102. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tolias, George. “Isolarii, Fifteenth to Seventeenth Century.” In &lt;em&gt;History of Cartography, &lt;/em&gt;vol. 3, part 1, &lt;em&gt;Cartography in the European Renaissance&lt;/em&gt;, ed. David Woodward, 263-283. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="205">
                <text>Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use.</text>
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                <text>Liber Insularum Archipelagi</text>
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        <name>fortifications</name>
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                <text>Atlante Nautico</text>
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                <text>The &lt;em&gt;Atlante Nautico&lt;/em&gt; is a collection of ten maps made in 1436 by “Andreas Biancho de Veneciis” as attested on the first page. Besides containing 15th century copyright data, the first page also contains a large chart meant to assist sailors blown off course by the wind (including instructions!) The next 7 are all maps in the tradition of the portolan charts, featuring the Eastern, Central, and Western Mediterranean basins, the Black Sea, the British isles and the northern coast of Europe, Scandinavia, and a complete map of Europe. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The last two maps are a circular mappamundi and a world map in the Ptolemaic style. This combination of maps tells us that the &lt;em&gt;Atlante Nautico&lt;/em&gt; was not meant as a navigational tool, but rather as a survey of existing map forms. Knowing that this atlas came from Venice, the combination of Ptolemaic map and portolan charts tells us that it was made by an author attempting to understand Ptolemy’s &lt;em&gt;Geography&lt;/em&gt; through the lens of practical nautical charting. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The visual style is largely utilitarian as portolan charts tend to be. Neither land nor sea is colored, and the only differentiatior is the coastlines drawn with city names written inside them. One sixteen-pointed circle of rhumb lines overlies each map, save the first, reference page, and the two world maps at the end. Smaller islands are often colored and inland rivers tend to be stylized and colorful as well. There are occasional flags or crowns or other figures in emptier spots on the map. (Allen Smith '19)</text>
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                <text>Venice, Biblioteca Marciana, Ms. It. Z, 76 (=4783): Andrea Bianco, Atlante.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211">
                <text>Andrea Bianco, &lt;em&gt;Atlante nautico (1436), &lt;/em&gt;ed. Pietro Falchetta. Venice: Arsenale, 1993.</text>
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                <text>Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN</text>
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                <text>Italian</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991016800581902971"&gt;Carleton Library, Special Collections (Books, Quarto) G6910 1436 .B53 1993&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>World, Europe, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Scandinavia, British Isles</text>
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            <name>References</name>
            <description>A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="220">
                <text>Dalché, Patrick Gautier. “The Reception of Ptolemy’s Geography (End of the Fourteenth to Beginning of the Sixteenth Century).” In &lt;em&gt;The History of Cartography&lt;/em&gt; vol. 3, part 1, &lt;em&gt;Cartography in the European Renaissance, &lt;/em&gt;ed. by David Woodward, 285-364. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.</text>
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                <text>http://geoweb.venezia.sbn.it/cms/en/articles/9-carte-geografiche-nei-manoscritti-marciani.html</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="222">
                <text>Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use.</text>
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                <text>This is one of many maps of various styles contained within the “Mapas de Mexico en el Archivo de Indias Sevilla”, a collection of the many products of the plentiful cartography of colonial Mexico. The map is a borderless depiction of the coastal region of New Galicia near Guadelajara in Mexico. It shows land in base parchment color and water in a darker shade of the same color with stylistic lines showing the flow of the water. The map has a clashing sense of scale between the three types of features depicted. The largest scale is that of the geographic features such as rivers, ocean, and roads. Next we see towns depicted as single buildings, drawn much larger than they would actually be in the landscape. Finally, the drawings of indigenous people are drawn either at the same size or much larger than the buildings they might inhabit. The map's depictions of indigenous people, presumably those that lived in the Guadelajara region. In the top left corner of the map, these people are performing various tasks such as hunting and human sacrifice. Smaller depictions of similar-looking people inhabit the top third of the map, almost all shown holding bows and arrows.</text>
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                <text>Unknown</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="226">
                <text>Sevilla. Archivo General de Indias. MP-México, 560. </text>
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                <text>sheet map</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Mapas d México en el Archivo d Indias Sevilla&lt;/em&gt;. Madrid: Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte : Testimonio Compañía Editorial, 2002.</text>
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                <text>1550</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991016542481902971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Special Collections (Horizontal Shelving)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;G4411.A1 1550 M3 2002&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico</text>
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                <text>David Woodward, History of Cartography Volume 3 (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2007), 1155-1159.</text>
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                <text>Mapa de Nueva Galicia (Estado de Jalisco) año 1550</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://media.nmculture.org/photo-library/release/file/detail/732/125/19" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Map of New Galicia at New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs Media Center&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Buisseret, David. &lt;em&gt;Rural Images: Estate Maps in the Old and New Worlds. &lt;/em&gt;Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fleischmann, Peter. &lt;em&gt;Der Pfinzing-Atlas von 1594: eine Ausstellung des Staatsarchivs Nürnberg anlässlich des 400jährigen Jubiläums der Entstehung: Nürnberg, 9. September-23. Oktober 1994.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;span&gt;München: Selbstverlag der Generaldirektion der Staatlichen Archive Bayerns, 1994.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lindgren, Uta. "Land Surveys, Instruments, and Practitioners in the Renaissance." In &lt;em&gt;History of Cartography&lt;/em&gt; vol. 3, part 1 &lt;em&gt;Cartography in the European Renaissance&lt;/em&gt;, ed. David Woodward, 477-508.  Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.</text>
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                <text>Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use.</text>
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                <text>Schedel, Hartmann. &lt;em&gt;Liber Chronicarum. &lt;/em&gt;Nuremberg: Anton Koberger, 1493.</text>
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                <text>Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use.</text>
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                <text>Ulm, Lienhart Holle, 16 July (XVII Kal. Aug.) 1482.</text>
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                <text>Münster, Sebastian. Cosmographei. Amsterdam: Theatrvm Orbis Terrarvm, 1968.</text>
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                <text>Hamburg, Bibliothek des Gymnasiums Christianeum, [Pal. 313, f. 7r ] [Sign. R 7/2, f. 5r]</text>
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                <text>Dante Alighieri. &lt;em&gt;Divina Commedia: Codex Altonensis.&lt;/em&gt; Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag, 1965.</text>
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            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="296">
                <text>manuscript</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="297">
                <text>Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="298">
                <text>wigentp</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="299">
                <text>Italian</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="300">
                <text>Regional map</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="301">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991006884769702971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Carleton Gould Library Special Collections (Folio) PQ4301 .A1 1965&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="81">
            <name>Spatial Coverage</name>
            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="303">
                <text>Hell</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="75">
            <name>References</name>
            <description>A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="304">
                <text>Cachery Jr., Theodore J. “Maps and Literature in Renaissance Italy.” In &lt;em&gt;The History of Cartography, &lt;/em&gt;vol. 3, part 1 &lt;em&gt;Cartography in the European Renaissance, &lt;/em&gt;ed. David Woodward, 450–460. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="305">
                <text>https://histgymbib.hypotheses.org/2350</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="306">
                <text>Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="22">
        <name>14th century</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="108">
        <name>cosmographical diagram</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="90">
        <name>people</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="109">
        <name>textual map</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
