2 10 80 https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/b2b81724c7c4fa7241ccf772ea656ff2.jpg 8d0d9a8b849a01c1b8eab98f44a97ade Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Book of the Islands of the Archipelago Description An account of the resource The Liber Insularum Archipelagi is an island book (insularium in Latin, isolario in Italian) written by a Florentine monk Cristoforo Buondelmonti around 1420. One of the first and most influential island books, it was widely circulated in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries. It offers an encyclopedic and antiquarian atlas of 79 places in the Ionian and Aegean seas along with accompanying descriptive texts. While most of the featured places are islands, some are groups of islands and coastal places, including Constantinople, Gallipoli, the shores of the Dardanelles, Mount Athos, and Athens. Buondelmonti’s sources are likely ancient writings, existing cartographical traditions such as portolan charts and regional maps, and his firsthand experience and inquiry. The cartography of the Liber Insularum Archipelagi fits best into the pattern of early regional geography. One of the highlights of Liber is a map of the city of Constantinople and its surrounding region. Careful delineation emphasizes architectural structures, fortifications, monuments, civic buildings, ports, and lighthouses. Besides its static view of the city, the map also captures a dynamic moment as it depicts cannon balls shooting at ships passing through the Bosporus. This map of Constantinople offers an important reference to the mapping of the Byzantine capital before Turkish conquest in 1453. (Russell Li '19) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cristoforo Buondelmonti Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf Ms. G 13 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Atlas Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Buondelmonti, Cristoforo. Cristoforo Buondelmonti, Liber Insularum Archipelagi: Universitäts- Und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf Ms. G 13, Faksimile. Wiesbaden: Reichert, 2005. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1420 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. manuscript Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN lir2 Relation A related resource <a href="http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/urn/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-36224" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/urn/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-36224</a> Language A language of the resource Latin Type The nature or genre of the resource Regional map Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991015567099702971">Carleton Gould Library Special Collections (Folio) DF895 .B8615 2005</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Aegean Islands References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Buondelmonti, Cristoforo. Description of the Aegean and Other Islands. Trans. by Evelyn Edson. New York: Italica Press, 2017. Della Dora, Veronica. “Mapping a Holy Quasi-Island: Mount Athos in Early Renaissance Isolarii.” Imago Mundi 60, no. 2 (July 2008): 139–65. Manners, Ian R. "Constructing the Image of a City: The Representation of Constantinople in Christopher Buondelmonti's Liber Insularum Archipelagi." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 87, no. 1 (1997): 72-102. Tolias, George. “Isolarii, Fifteenth to Seventeenth Century.” In History of Cartography, vol. 3, part 1, Cartography in the European Renaissance, ed. David Woodward, 263-283. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Liber Insularum Archipelagi churches city views fortifications islands monasteries ports ships https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/ab11fe3af09b109bb066273d25028d74.jpg 0c3ee24c6bc22ed264ad868f1d45c9b6 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Manuscript Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 24 by 17 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Spheres of the Heavens and the Planets Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Le Sphaerae Coelestis et Planetarum; De Sphaera Description An account of the resource Le Sphaerae Coelestis et Planetarum [The Spheres of the Heavens and the Planets], also referred to as De Sphaera, is one of the most elaborate illuminated manuscripts created in Renaissance Italy. Cristoforo de Predis, the presumed illustrator of the codex, was a disciple of Leonardo da Vinci. Additionally, Predis was described as deaf, mute, and dumb in contemporary documents. It is thought Predis influenced da Vinci’s decision to write Codex Urbinas, where he explained what he learned from dumb people about painting. De Sphaera is a 24 by 17 cm manuscript, richly decorated with twelve different colors and gold leaf. The first couple of pages display astrological charts containing constellations and diagrams demonstrating how to utilize astrolabes. Each page has an undecorated margin on the parchment. Gold leaf outlines each painted image, centered on each page. The pages are elaborately embellished with pictures of the zodiacs and human representations of the Sun, Moon, and the first six planets in the solar system, excluding earth. Each of these representations appears on the left page, with the right page displaying an image of daily life corresponding to the astrological significance of the planet. The representations of life include detailed depictions of all aspects of society, including images of peasants, beggars, merchants, criminals, disabled people, and the elites. Under each painting, Predis includes a commentary that describes the painting's connection to the work of Johannes de Sacrobosco, the author of an influential astronomy textbook. De Sphaera serves as a commentary for the 13th-century De Sphaera Mundi astronomy text written by Sacrobosco. The most striking image from the book is the image of Saturn. Saturn is centered on the page in a starry night sky and is surrounded by multiple colorful rings. Saturn is portrayed wearing only a loincloth with a star centered on his genitals and has long brown hair and a long beard. He carries a long wooden staff and a sickle. A shaggy goat and a partially nude woman dumping water from a vessel into a river appear in circles to either side of Saturn’s legs. Two faces are in the act of blowing in both top corners, and their breath is directed towards the rings. A cloudy sky serves as a background surrounding Saturn. The town below is crowded with armed figures. These figures are depicted, carrying out various actions, such as playing games, killing a person, and patrolling the town. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cristoforo de Predis Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Modena, Biblioteca Estense Universitaria, α.X.2.14 = Lat.209 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource map in book Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Modena: Il Bulino, edizioni d'arte, 2010 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Ca 1450x1460 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Manuscript Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Relation A related resource <a href="https://www.wga.hu/html_m/p/predis/cristofo/sphaera1.html" target="_blank" title="De Sphaera Link" rel="noreferrer noopener">Web Gallery of Art Description of the Manuscript:</a> <a href="https://patrimonioediciones.com/portfolio-item/de-sphaera/?lang=en">Patrimonio Ediciones description of the manuscript:</a> Language A language of the resource Italian Type The nature or genre of the resource Celestial Map Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991016490489302971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Special Collections (Horizontal Shelving) ; ND3161.M55 2010</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Cosmos, Astrological Charts References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Cosgrove, Denis E. "Images of Renaissance Cosmography, 1450-1650." In Historyof Cartography, vol. 3, edited by David Woodward, 55-98. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Jacobsen, Michael A. "A Sforza Miniature by Cristoforo Da Preda." The Burlington Magazine 116, no. 851 (1974): 91-96. Prosperi, Adriano, and Jeremy Carden. Crime and Forgiveness: Christianizing Execution in Medieval Europe. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England: Harvard University Press, 2020. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. 15th century Astrology cosmographical diagram Cristoforo de Predis daily life Illuminated Manuscript https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/ac776d8f6f8939ee96a7a05f3dc27abc.jpeg 2886e6746c4d5ddeb264cfde631d819e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Queen Mary Atlas Description An account of the resource The surviving vellum manuscript known as the “Queen Mary Atlas'' consists of 24 pages each the size of a small coffee table (580 by 500 mm), including nine maps. Scholars believe that there were 14 maps before the book was damaged by fire and water in 1731, from which stains remain. The manuscript begins with a circular chart used for calculating the day of Easter next to a table of solar declinations, followed by a circular map of the world showing seven “climate zones” and surrounded by intricate drawings of faces blowing winds, followed by an astrological calendar. The maps come next, including (in order): a map of the world, Western Europe, the western Mediteranean, South America and West Africa, East Africa, Eastern Asia, and South America. The world map is centered around West Africa, oriented to the north, and includes detailed depictions of the coastlines of Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Eastern edge of the Americas. The Western side of North America and Australia are not drawn. The Nile river is shown, as is common in pre-modern maps, originating in the Mountains of Moon. The map was commissioned by Queen Mary Tudor of England in 1558, as a gift for her Spanish husband Philip II, from Diogo Homem, a mapmaker exiled from Portugal. The regional maps reflect Britain’s growing interest in the seas and increasingly powerful navy that characterized Mary’s reign. The maps are structured around detailed, brightly colored coastlines packed with carefully written labels for ports and rivers in a style derived from Portuguese sea charts. Rhumb lines criss-cross seas populated by beautifully illustrated sea monsters and ships, sometimes shown in battle. The atlas also reflects rising colonial competition in the period; exotic illustrations of animals and indigenous people populate the world outside of Europe, and bannars with coats of arms adorn country’s homelands and regions they laid claim to elsewhere. The combined English-Spanish arms over Britain, symbolizing Mary’s and Philip's marriage, seems to have been partially scratched out, supposedly by Queen Elizabeth, Mary’s successor, after her navy defeated the Spanish in 1588. Overall, the atlas shows how artistic depictions of world geography were prized as symbols of political power and affairs at the highest levels of society in the 16th century. (Oren Lieber-Kotz, ‘21) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Diogo Homem Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived London, British Library, Add MS 5415 A Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Atlas Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Homem, Diogo. The Queen Mary Atlas, edited by Peter Barber. London, England: The Folio Society, 2005. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1558 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Manuscript Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Relation A related resource https://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_5415_A&_ga=2.200164910.1628240961.1622431327-1701980634.1619800106 Language A language of the resource Latin Type The nature or genre of the resource Atlas Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991006645679702971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Carleton Library Special Collections (Horizontal Shelving) G1059 .H62 2005</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. World References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Alegria, Maria Fernanda et al."Portuguese Cartography in the Renaissance." In History of Cartography, vol. 3, edited by David Woodward, 975-1068. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Cockburn, Calum. “An Atlas Fit for a Tudor Queen.” British Library. Medieval Manuscripts Blog (blog). May 5, 2020.<a href="https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2020/05/an-atlas-fit-for-a-tudor-queen.html"> https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2020/05/an-atlas-fit-for-a-tudor-queen.html</a>. Homem, Diogo. 1558. “A Portolano, Consisting of Nine Large Charts on Vellum, Drawn on a Plane Scale, by Diego Homem, in 1558.” 1558. Loades, David. Review of “The Queen Mary Atlas. Facsimile with Commentary by Peter Barber. Commentary: 310mm. Pp Vii + 87, II Col Ills. London: Folio Society, 2005. Limited Edition of 1,000 Numbered Copies. £750 (Hbk).” The Antiquaries Journal 86 (2006): 445–46.<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003581500000603"> https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003581500000603</a>. Pflederer, Richard, Ronald E. Grim, and Sarah Bendall. Review of “The Queen Mary Atlas.” Imago Mundi 58:2(2006): 233–34. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/bbed74ed6684770aa1cbcc8632a16d23.png 1af4ef92669d1e7acfcb03f36c04ec0b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Atlas Universal Description An account of the resource The Atlas Universal by Diogo Homem, completed in the mid 16th century, is a world atlas containing 19 entries covering a multitude of different geographical regions as well as an entire world map and multiple charts and calendars. It features detailed depictions of Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas, highlighting both known territories and speculative geography based on the discoveries of the era. The maps in the atlas are richly decorated, with embellishments wind heads, mountain ranges, ships, and sea monsters, embodying both the practical navigation tools as well as artistic expressions of Renaissance cartography. Scale bars placed on the atlas’s maps and charts enable the atlas’s viewer to measure distances and gauge the relative size of land masses. Each map also contains compass roses with rhumb lines radiating from them to aid in navigation and path finding. Homem’s work displays not only geographical knowledge but also an understanding of maritime navigation, which was critical for Portugal’s extensive overseas ventures at the time. Entries 1-14 in the Atlas Universal are maps of species geographic regions, while entries 15-19 consist of a world map, Zodiacal Circle, Calendar, Solar inclination chart, and Zonal Map of World. Of the regional maps, while most of them are centered around the Mediterranean, Africa, and the Indian Ocean, there are multiple maps of the coastlines of the America’s, as well as a depiction of Japan off the coast of China. The calendar contained in the atlas a combination of sun and moon charts, on a nineteen year cycle. Highlighted on the calendar, marked in gold, is the date of Easter in each of the nineteen years. All the entries in the atlas use color in both a form of artistic expression as well as a cartographical tool for designating key features such as the shading of the different territories' coastlines in order to distinguish them. The use of color is not however seen in other conventions of map making such as coloring water bodies blue. In all of the maps city names are depicted in small lettering along the coastlines while country names are written in larger text inside of the boundaries of their respective territories. Major cities are also illustrated with drawings of buildings or castles. Additionally, apart from major rivers, such as the Nile in Northern Africa, and the Amazon in South America, rivers are not well depicted throughout the Atlas. Throughout the maps there are also artistic drawings of people, ships, and animals local to the different regions. Overall, the Atlas focuses on providing a comprehensive depiction of the territories and navigational routes of the known world at the time of its creation, with regions represented separately as well as a depiction of the entirety of the known world. (Noah Morris; 2024) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Diogo Homem Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Atlas Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Homem, D., & Marques, A. P. (2002). Atlas Universal. M. Moleiro. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1557-1577 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. manuscript Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Language A language of the resource Portuguese Type The nature or genre of the resource Atlas Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991005549849702971">Special Collections (Horizontal Shelving) (G1059 .H6 2000)</a> <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991005549849702971"></a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. World References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Homem, D., & Marques, A. P. (2002). Atlas Universal. M. Moleiro. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. Relation A related resource <a href="https://expositions.nlr.ru/eng/holland/">Map of the Pacific Coast of Central America</a> from an online exhibit at the National Library of Russia Africa animals atlas Caribbean coastline rhumb lines sea monsters ships South America world map https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/06821a63b46baa75bd9447c22bc43ca3.jpg df3dee9ea6e9190036a7f157e29545de Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Castiglioni Map Description An account of the resource The Castiglioni World Map, created by Portuguese cartographer Diogo Ribeiro in 1525, is a stunning and detailed depiction of the known world during the Age of Exploration. The map was commissioned as a gift for Baldassare Castiglione, an Italian diplomat and prominent figure in the Papal court, marking it as a diplomatic tool as well as a masterpiece of geographical knowledge of the time. Diogo Ribeiro was a prominent Portuguese cartographer of the early 16th century, known for his work under the Spanish Crown during a period of intense exploration and territorial expansion. His maps were celebrated for their accuracy and detail, as they incorporated information from Spanish explorers and navigators. However, the Castiglioni World Map is not one of his more famous works and is less studied compared to some of his other maps. Geographically, the map covers a vast range of territories. It includes Europe, Africa, the Americas, and parts of Asia. The map presents the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, showing the new discoveries in the Western Hemisphere, particularly the outline of the American continents. North America is less detailed compared to South America, where the coastline and major features are more precisely mapped, reflecting the Spanish focus on this region. The Caribbean islands are also prominent, highlighting Spain’s colonial interests. The map also prominently features the line of division established by the Treaty of Tordesillas, a crucial demarcation that divided the world between Spanish and Portuguese spheres of influence. This line underscores the political and territorial stakes of the Age of Exploration and Spain’s claims over the Americas. The Castiglioni World Map by Diogo Ribeiro features a highly detailed coastline, especially around South America and the Caribbean, reflecting Spain’s extensive exploration efforts. The coasts of Brazil, the Río de la Plata, and major Caribbean islands like Cuba and Hispaniola are accurately depicted. Important port cities such as Lisbon, Seville, and key harbors in the Caribbean and along the Brazilian coast are also highlighted. These cities are marked with small symbols, indicating their significance as hubs of trade and colonial expansion during the Age of Exploration. The coastline and port cities on this map emphasize both the growing geographic knowledge and the importance of maritime navigation. The map also features navigational elements that enhance its visual and functional appeal. Compass roses are prominently placed, marking cardinal directions and serving as essential tools for maritime navigation. Rhumb lines extend from these roses, guiding sailors along consistent routes across the oceans. In the map’s corners, wind heads—depicted as faces blowing gusts of air—symbolize the important winds that helped propel ships during voyages. The lower left corner features a horary quadrant, a tool used to measure time based on the sun’s position, while the lower right corner includes an astrolabe, highlighting the scientific and practical instruments essential for maritime exploration. These elements not only aid navigation but also add artistic flair, blending functionality with the decorative style typical of Renaissance cartography. It is widely believed that the map served as a diplomatic gift from Charles V to Baldassarre Castiglione in celebration of his marriage to Isabel of Portugal in 1526. By presenting this map as a gift, Charles V aimed to strengthen diplomatic ties with Castiglione, who was a prominent papal ambassador and influential figure in Renaissance politics. The map’s rich detail and accuracy not only highlight Spain’s growing imperial ambitions but also symbolize the importance of cartography as a tool for asserting power and influence during an era of exploration. The inclusion of navigational details and geographic features further emphasizes its significance as both a work of art and a political statement, reflecting the era's spirit of discovery and ambition. (Lucia Caputo 2027) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Diogo Ribeiro (Diego Ribero) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Carta Castiglioni (1525), Biblioteca Estense Universitaria di Modena C.G.A.12 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource sheet map Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Bini, Roberto, Ernesto Milano, and Inge Krutsch. Carta del navegare universalissima et diligentissima: Castiglioni Weltkarte. Modena : Il Bulino, 2002. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1525 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Manuscript Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Relation A related resource <a href="https://www.facsimilefinder.com/facsimiles/castiglioni-world-map-facsimile">https://www.facsimilefinder.com/facsimiles/castiglioni-world-map-facsimile</a> Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource World Map Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991002418729702971">Carleton Library Special Collections Map (Map, Rolled) (G3200 1525 .C322 2002)</a> References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Fernández-Armesto, Felipe. “Maps and Exploration in the Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries.” in The History of Cartography, vol. 3, part 1, Cartography in the European Renaissance, ed. David Woodward. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Maria Fernanda Alegria, Suzanne Daveau, João Carlos Garcia, Francesc Relaño.“Portuguese Cartography in the Renaissance.” in The History of Cartography, vol. 3, part 1, Cartography in the European Renaissance, ed. David Woodward. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Sandman, Alison.“Spanish Nautical Cartography in the Renaissance.” in The History of Cartography, vol. 3, part 1, Cartography in the European Renaissance, ed. David Woodward. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Vigneras, L. A. “The Cartographer Diogo Ribeiro.” Imago Mundi 16 (1962): 76–83. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1150304. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. World Cairo coastline Jerusalem New World wind heads world map https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/80c40b0137ffdb49ffb35960cb0b2098.jpg ca780b9d4aed72a9bc66949a31522ecd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Road to Rome map Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Romweg map; Das ist der Rom Weg von meylen zu meylen mit puncten verzeychnet von eyner stat zu der andern durch deutzsche lantt Description An account of the resource This is a facsimile of a rare colored version of a black and white woodcut map that highlights routes to travel from central European countries to Rome. It was likely produced in 1500 AD, a jubilee year for the Catholic Church, meaning many pilgrims would head to Rome for the universal pardon of their sins. The map is oriented with the south up. Routes are represented with dashed lines that weave through cities on the way to Rome. Each dash within these routes is equivalent to one German mile (4.6 US miles). While the focus of the map is on Germany and Rome, neighboring countries are also represented and colored. The colored regions form country boundaries that segment the map. Most of the marked cities are centered around Germany and Rome, but neighboring countries also have cities and routes to Rome marked. Large cities of importance are highlighted with small, schematized cityscapes which contrast with the small circles representing the smaller cities. Due to the Catholic context of this map, important pilgrimage sites are also represented through schematized sketches of the church. These pilgrimage sites are also clustered around Germany and Rome. Etzlaub was originally known for his ability at compass making which he incorporates into this map at the bottom margins. A schematic drawing of a compass sits at the bottom where the reader can rest their compass. The surrounding text gives instructions on how to use the compass and map in tandem to orient the reader with respect to the map. This scientific approach to the map is also exemplified within the distances displayed on the map. The left margin has markings to designate latitude along the map region. These latitude markings are equally spaced which follows the widely accepted projection that Ptolemy used in his calculations in the 2nd century CE. According to one scholar, Etzlaub acknowledges the inaccuracy in this approach, as distances in maps should distort as they approach the equator. This is reflected in this map as the distance markings on the routes displayed in the map become farther apart as they approach Rome. Therefore, while Etlaub may have continued the latitude markings of Ptolemy, he clearly understood the necessity for a new projection that correctly mapped distance distortions. Future maps by Etzlaub would include latitude distortions which would later become commonplace within the Mercator projection which many modern-day maps employ. In fact, it is known that Mercator and Etzlaub were in discussion about these projections suggesting Etzlaub may have been one of the earliest adopters of the modern projection styles. (Max Kuhs '21) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Erhard Etzlaub Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived London, British Library, Cartographic Items Maps C.2.a.7.(2.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Sheet Map Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Monumenta cartographica 1490-1525: kartographische Denkmäler, ein Triumph über die Zeit: Essener Bearbeitung von sechs Tafeln aus der Frühzeit der Kartographie mit sechs Vollfaksimilierungen, ed. Werner Kreuer. Essen: Institut für Geographie der Universität GH Essen, 1996. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1500 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. woodcut Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Relation A related resource http://explore.bl.uk/BLVU1:LSCOP-ALL:BLL01004849134 Language A language of the resource German Type The nature or genre of the resource Regional Map Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991015014199702971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Carleton Library Special Collections (Flat Files) GA873.5 .K73 1996</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Central Europe, Germany, Italy References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Englisch, Brigitte. "Erhard Etzlaub's Projection and Methods of Mapping." Imago Mundi 48 (1996): 103-23.<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1151265"> http://www.jstor.org/stable/1151265</a>. Krüger, Herbert. "Erhard Etzlaub's "Romweg" Map and Its Dating in the Holy Year of 1500." Imago Mundi 8 (1951): 17-26.<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1150044"> http://www.jstor.org/stable/1150044</a>. (contains translation of text on page 6) Meurer, Peter H. Cartography in the German Lands 1450-1650. In History of Cartography, vol. 3, edited by David Woodward, 1172-1245. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. Catholicism Etzlaub Germany Pilgrimage Rome https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/718290cf4456efd3c4ce1c4ace4d539a.jpg 89a41b25162148d41c88eb1ff50de02b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Universal Atlas Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. World map prepared by Fernão Vaz Dourado, frontiersman of the lands, which encompasses all the kingdoms, lands [and] islands around the world with their routes and heights and angles, [made] in Goa [in] 1571. Description An account of the resource Vaz Dourado’s Universal Atlas depicts the coastlines and interiors of much of the world, as explored by the Portuguese up until that point. Our facsimile of the atlas contains fifteen loose-leaf folios of maps and three folios containing astronomical and navigational charts. An additional folio of the Eastern Mediterranean, as well as the atlas’s frontispiece, are missing from the original manuscript. Each map features a stretch of coastline marked by city names perpendicular to the coast, as well as rivers which extend into the landmasses. Both the water and land are uncolored. The boundaries between land and water are marked by a green outline. Some coastlines remain unbounded, indicating a lack of information about those areas. Vaz Dourado’s remarkable use of color attests to a relatively expensive manufacturing process. The smaller islands in the maps are extravagantly colored and often take on a geometric shape. This intense color also appears in the maps’ exaggerated river deltas and the flags and crests which indicate ownership and often attest to colonial dominion. Other colorful embellishments on the map include its elaborate cartouches, ornamented with geometric and floral details on each page, and its compasses, from which the maps’ rhumb lines emerge. The map includes annotations regarding the European discovery of various landmasses and islands, especially around the Pacific and Indonesia. This emphasis on naval exploration may also justify the inclusion of an almost empty map of the Pacific, which helps record the circumnavigational voyages that the sequencing of the maps can recreate. Compared to his predecessors, Vaz Dourado’s maps of Indonesia feature significantly more detail and mimetic accuracy, both in terms of island shape and place names. Other outstanding features include Vaz Dourado’s depictions of Japan, island chains in the Indian Ocean, Japan, island-dotted river courses in South America and the Middle East, East Asian architecture, and Mexico City/Tenochtitlan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fernão Vaz Dourado Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Universal Atlas of Fernão Vaz Dourado, 1571, Lisbon, Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, Colecção Cartográfica, n.º 165. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource atlas Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Dourado, Fernando Vaz. “Fernão Vaz Dourado, atlas universal, 1571.” Barcelona: M. Moleiro Editor, S.A., 2011. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1571 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. manuscript Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Relation A related resource Archival information and images of the original: https://digitarq.arquivos.pt/details?id=4162624 Compare with another atlas by Vaz Dourado: https://hdl.huntington.org/digital/collection/p15150coll7/id/46230 Language A language of the resource Portuguese Type The nature or genre of the resource atlas Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991001314219702971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Special Collections (Horizontal Shelving) ; G1001 .D68 2011</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Europe, Africa, Asia, Oceania, Pacific Ocean, North and Central America, South America References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Alegria, Maria Fernanda, Suzanne Daveau, João Carlos Garcia, Francesc Relaño. “Portuguese Cartography in the Renaissance.” In The History of Cartography, Volume 3: Cartography in the European Renaissance. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007, pp. 975-1068. Accessed online at https://press.uchicago.edu/books/HOC/HOC_V3_Pt1/Volume3_Part1.html. Garcia, João Carlos. “Description of the Atlas.” In Universal Atlas of Fernão Vaz Dourado: 1571 [Commentary Volume]. Barcelona: M. Moleiro Editor, S.A. 2013. (See also this press release relating to the facsimile: Garcia, João Carlos. “Journey Around the World with the Universal Atlas of Fernão Vaz Dourado” M. Moliero – Facsimile Books. October 28, 2018, https://www.moleiro.com/en/press/journey-around-the-world.py.) Melo, Maria João, Paula Nabais, Maria Guimarães, et. al. "Organic Dyes in Illuminated Manuscripts: A Unique Cultural and Historic Record." Philosophical Transactions: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2082 (2016): 1-20. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26116084. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. 17th century atlas city icons islands manuscript map Prester John rhumb lines rivers https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/473cdbc16f8c207889e2a574447d901c.jpg 03360a7b7d2e6afa71b57f7992692468 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fra Mauro Mappamundi Description An account of the resource Originating sometime between 1448 and 1460, Fra Mauro’s remarkably detailed and complex world map was created at the monastery of San Michele on Murano for King Afonso V of Portugal, along with a secondary copy, which was presented to the Venetian Republic. Measuring 2.4 by 2.4 meters, the central part of the map is contained within an ornate circular golden frame. The central section of the map richly depicts the continental areas of Europe, Asia, Africa, as well as numerous small islands. Over 3000 beautifully lettered red, blue, and gold inscriptions provide a wealth of encyclopedic information. Physical and geographic objects, such as cities, mountains, forests, oceans, and rivers are depicted in an elaborate style. The mappamundi is heavily influenced by a number of sources, including Islamic cartography, as demonstrated by the southern orientation of the map. The mappamundi is also heavily influenced by Christianity and Biblical stories, as demonstrated by the image of the Garden of Eden in one of the four circular depictions outside of the central frame. Another of these depictions, a cosmological diagram of the solar system, reveals another source of information for the mappamundi: Ptolemy’s Geography. The last two depictions are of the four elements and of the earth as a globe, separated into sections by the North and South poles, the Equator, and the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. (Ezra Ward-Packard '20) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fra Mauro Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Venice, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Single map Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Leporace, Tullia Gasparrini and Roberto Almagià. Il Mappamondo di Fra Mauro. Roma: Istituto Poligrafico Dello Stato, Libreria Dello Stato, 2002. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1448x1460 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. manuscript Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN wardpackarde Relation A related resource http://www.bl.uk/magnificentmaps/map2.html Language A language of the resource Italian Type The nature or genre of the resource World map Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991014383909702971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Carleton Gould Library Special Collections (Horizontal Shelving) G1026 .M35 2002</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. World References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Dalché, Patrick Gautier. “The Reception of Ptolemy’s Geography (End of the Fourteenth to Beginning of the Sixteenth Century)” In Cartography in the European Renaissance, ed. David Woodward, 285–364. Vol. 3 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Cosgrove, Denis E. “Images of Renaissance Cosmography, 1450–1650” In Cartography in the European Renaissance, ed. David Woodward, 55–98. Vol. 3 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Woodward, David. “Medieval Mappaemundi.” In Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean, ed. David Woodward and J. Brian Harley, 286–370. Vol. 1 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. Falchetta, Piero, Jeremy Scott, Caterina Balletti, and Marino Zorzi. Fra Mauro's World Map : With a Commentary and Translations of the Inscriptions. Terrarum Orbis 5. Turnhout : Brepols; Venice: Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, 2006. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. city icons fish Prester John pyramids ships snakes statues traders trees Wind roses https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/bbc6d149f6b6cadbdb0a3d2387989863.jpg bc95b614b551062580828cf55bc09ab2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Florence Description An account of the resource At only two feet by four feet, the Map of Florence (Veduta della Catena) engraving depicts an intricate city view of Florence, Italy. Expressive, wavy lines are used to denote water, while cross-hatching and linear styles are used to give buildings and landscapes depth and volume. The perspective of the viewer is that of an observer standing on a hill above the city looking down. In fact, there is an artist in the bottom right corner of the map sketching the city from a similar vantage point. Similar oblique birds-eye views of cities were created throughout the Middle Ages to capture realistic, detailed representations of the “normal experience of an individual” in a local area (Harvey, 1987). This city view is distinctly divided into a foreground, middle ground, and background. The foreground shows day-to-day activities on a human scale, including fishing, boating, and horseback riding. The middle ground is occupied by the city center of Florence, which is enclosed by a tall, crenellated wall and also bounded on the near side by the river, with bridges leading into the city. The city center is densely packed with buildings, though few people are present, and the entire map centers on the cathedral. The tall dome of the cathedral draw the viewer’s eye upward to the background of the map, which is dominated by sparsely populated rolling hills fading backward to tall, angular mountains. This city view of Florence showcases several features that make cities great, according to Botero (1588). These include substantial fortifications, pleasing natural scenery, access to waterways for transport and trade, and a consolidated city center. The entire map is enclosed by a linked chain with a three-dimensional padlock in the upper left corner within the frame of the map. The chain creates the illusion of depth while also highlighting the economic, political, and cultural value of Florence. Containing the entire architectural framework of the city, the chain emphasizes the importance of preserving the artistry of Florence as well as the city’s role as a center of trade and seat of power in Central Italy (Altcappenberg, 1994). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Francesco Rosselli Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <div class="freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextItemWrapper"> <div class="freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextShortText freebirdFormviewerViewItemsTextDisabledText freebirdThemedInput">Berlin, Kupferstichkabinett, Die große Ansicht von Florenz, <a href="http://www.smb-digital.de/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=944067&viewType=detailView,%20899-100">http://www.smb-digital.de/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=944067&viewType=detailView, 899-100</a>.</div> </div> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Single map Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Kreuer, Schulze Altcappenberg, and Staatliche Museen Zu Berlin--Preussischer Kulturbesitz. Kupferstichkabinett--Sammlung Der Zeichnungen Und Druckgraphik. Veduta Della Catena, Fiorenza = Die Grosse Ansicht Von Florenz : Essener Bearbeitung Der Grossen Ansicht Von Florenz Des Berliner Kupferstichkabinetts : Der Kettenplan. Berlin: Wasmuth, 1998. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1485x1500 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. engraving Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN fadelye Relation A related resource <a href="http://www.smb-digital.de/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=944067&viewType=detailView">http://www.smb-digital.de/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=944067&viewType=detailView</a> Language A language of the resource Italian Type The nature or genre of the resource City view Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991015798679702971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Special Collections (Folio) DG733 .K738 1998 , Special Collections Map (Map, Rolled) DG733 .K738 1998</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Firenze References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Harvey, P. D. A. “Local and Regional Cartography in Medieval Europe.” In History of Cartography Volume I, edited by J. B. Harley and David Woodward, 464-501. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. Altcappenberg, Hein-Th Schulze. "The great view of Florence (The "Chain Plan")." In The Berlin Kupferstichkabinett: A collection handbook, edited by Alexander Dückers. Berlin: Hatje Cantz, 1994. "La Veduta della Catena – Florence and its Monuments." Google Arts and Culture, accessed June 1, 2018. <a href="https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/JAIiVU6eaWEIJQ">https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/JAIiVU6eaWEIJQ</a> Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Veduta della Catena artists borders cathedral church drawing fishing horses landscape mountains people trees Wall https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/b6f6d700512480a21fbcd324d8e8318c.jpeg a584b28b73bd05b7c0fbd080171eea29 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource View with a Chain Description An account of the resource This large (52 in. x 23 in.) woodcut from the 1470s or early 1480s attributed to Francesco Rossselli depicts the entire city of Florence and the Arno valley. The perspective on the city is from an elevated position, providing a bird’s-eye view. The city is portrayed in high detail with individual buildings, gates, and other features labeled. The River Arno is a dominant feature on the landscape. It flows from distant mountains pictured in the background behind the city, through the center of the city where its channel is tightly constrained, and leaves the city in the foreground of the image. The part of the city on the left bank of the Arno appears to have more buildings and greater density of buildings than the part of the city on the right bank. The dome of the cathedral dominates the city. There are four bridges which span the Arno. The distinction between the city and the surrounding areas is clear, as curving city walls contain the city on both the left and right banks of the Arno. Gates allow for passage into and out of the city. The density of buildings is far greater within the walls than outside the walls, though the density of buildings varies considerably within the walls. In the countryside, there are scattered trees, hilly terrain, churches, and other buildings. In the foreground of the image, people are shown fishing in the river and engaging in other activities on the river bank. A person close to the position from where the city is viewed is shown drawing in a book. A chain is represented surrounding the entire image, and in the top left corner there is a padlock with a dangling chain: it is from this chain that the map gets its name. The map is titled "Fiorenza" instead of Firenze (Italian for Florence). The name was associated with peace and prosperity and was used in texts praising the city's prosperity; with indications of summer time (the trees just leafing out), it gives the image a tone of celebration. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Francesco Rosselli Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Berlin, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Kupferstichkabinett, 899-100. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Sheet map Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Kreuer, Werner, and Hein-Th Schulze Altcappenberg. Veduta della catena, Fiorenza = Die grosse Ansicht von Florenz: Essener Bearbeitung der grossen Ansicht von Florenz des Berliner Kupferstichkabinetts: der Kettenplan. Berlin: Wasmuth, 1998. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1471x1482 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Woodcut Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Relation A related resource https://smb.museum-digital.de/index.php?t=objekt&oges=97597 https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/la-veduta-della-catena-florence-and-its-monuments-palazzo-vecchio-museum/JAIiVU6eaWEIJQ?hl=en Language A language of the resource Italian Type The nature or genre of the resource City view Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/7q4f00/alma991015798679702971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Carleton Library Special Collections Map (Map, Rolled) DG733 .K738 1998</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Florence References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Ballon, Hilary and David Friedman. "Portraying the City in Early Modern Europe: Measurement, Representation, and Planning." In The History of Cartography vol. 3, edited by David Woodward, 680-704. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Harvey, P.D.A. “Local and Regional Cartography in Medieval Europe.” In The History of Cartography vol. 1, edited by J.B Harley and David Woodward, 464-501. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. La veduta della catena; Map with a Chain 15th century buildings city plans city views countryside Florence Italy rivers