5 10 80 https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/2030ec565d69c08339c7c56bf0ac42e0.jpg a0ae00b7db77c013eae1fc0e210095a5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mappamundi of Lambert of St. Omer Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Liber Floridus Mappamundi, Mappamundi of Wolfenbüttel Liber Floridus Description An account of the resource Description of the Liber Floridus mappamundi: There are three existing manuscripts of the Liber Floridus: the original in Ghent that was made before 1125 (1120 is generally agreed upon) and likely written by Lambert himself, and the Wolfenbüttel and Paris copies. Only the Ghent copy does not contain a full mappamundi; the Wolfenbüttel and Paris copies both have a mappamundi but they differ slightly from each other. This Omeka entry (and description) is on the Wolfenbüttel mappamundi. Very little is known about the author Lambert, except that he was a Benedictine monk in the early 12th century in what is now Norhter France, he was selected to be the Canon of St. Omer, and that he created the Liber Floridus. The mappamundi is a 30cm x 43cm circle map, oriented with East on top and taking up almost a full spread of the Liber Floridus manuscript. It features four colors: turquoise/ocean green (water), white (land), light red (mountains and borders), and black (outlines and place labels). An encircling ocean surrounds the entire map in turquoise, which in turn is surrounded by a red line, suggesting an unpassable barrier. The map is divided into two sections by the equator (along the manuscript gutter), with a red line from top left to bottom right marking the sun’s ecliptic. When looking at an open manuscript or book, the verso is the left page (or back of the previous page) and the recto is the right page (or front of the next page). This mappamundi is considered a zone map, although the verso taken alone resembles a T-O map: the bottom half is bisected by the vertical Mediterranean which leads upwards to a horizontal body of water which is a combination of the Black, Aegean, and Red seas. Asia is the upper half of the verso, while Africa is the bottom right quadrant, and Europe is the bottom left. The verso is full of small rivers and mountains, but some bodies of water like the Nile and the Tyrrhenian Sea are emphasized. The southern half of the map (on the recto) is dedicated to land below the equator, of which little is known. The encircling ocean is full of islands, but unusually the only island in the Mediterranean is one big circle: this island is presumably Sicily. The labels of this map are particularly interesting. While some labels name places (e.g. Aquitania, Italia, Roma) many describe the people or things that inhabit those lands, like a label that reads ‘place of dragons and serpents and cruel beasts’ in southeastern Africa. Lambert also included the areas of Gog and Magog, Paradise, and the Antipodes, according to previous medieval tradition (the former two are in northeast Asia and east Asia respectively, while the latter is in the far west oceans). There is text on both the verso and recto around the map, and there is also a large piece of writing within the unknown land of the southern hemisphere. There are very few symbols used in this map: there are no figures of humans, animals, or any living creature or plant. In fact, the map is reasonably minimalistic compared to other illustrative medieval maps; this mappamundi’s only decoration comes in its color and in the wavy lines of the ocean that offer subtle patterning. (Peter Kenedi 2027) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lambert of St. Omer Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek, Cod. Guelf. 1 Gud. Lat, 144-145. f.69v-70r Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Map in manuscript Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Lambert. Der “Liber floridus” in Wolfenbüttel : eine Prachthandschrift über Himmel und Erde. Edited by Patrizia Carmassi and Christian Heitzmann. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2014. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca. 1120 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Manuscript Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Relation A related resource <a href="http://diglib.hab.de/mss/1-gud-lat/start.htm">Digital online manuscript of Wolfenbüttel Liber Floridus</a> Language A language of the resource Latin Type The nature or genre of the resource World map Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991004087119702971">Special Collections (Folio) ; AE2 .L363 2014</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. World References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Vorholt, Hanna. Shaping Knowledge : The Transmission of the “Liber Floridus.” London: The Warburg Institute, 2017. Woodward, David. “Medieval Mappaemundi.” Chapter 18. In History of Cartography 1, edited by David Woodward and J. B. Harley, 1:286–370. Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press, 1987. <div class="csl-bib-body"> <div class="csl-entry"> Wikimedia.org. “Category:Liber Floridus - Wikimedia Commons,” 2022. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Liber_Floridus#/media/File:Mapa-mundi_do_Liber_Floridus_de_Lambert_of_Saint-Omer_(c._1120).jpg. Ghent University website about the Ghent version of the Liber Floridus (and info on Lambert of St. Omer) Liberfloridus.be. “Universiteit Gent | Liber Floridus.” Universiteit Gent; Ghent University, 2011. https://www.liberfloridus.be/index_eng.html. Useful sources in German and French respectively: Lambert. Der “Liber floridus” in Wolfenbüttel : eine Prachthandschrift über Himmel und Erde. Edited by Patrizia Carmassi and Christian Heitzmann. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2014. Lecoq, Danielle. “La Mappemonde Du ‘Liber Floridus’ Ou La Vision Du Monde de Lambert de Saint-Omer.” Imago Mundi 39 (1987): 9–2. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1150970. </div> </div> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. Full image of map is usable in public domain: "Image digitizations of Herzog August Library holdings are published as public domain." (https://diglib.hab.de/nutzungshinweise.html). 12th century Lambert of St. Omer mappamundi Wolfenbüttel https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/a4ce286a21d8246139940a5f6161b965.jpg b97f1d6a3fc5eb78abffdf9fc83cc7d7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geography of Africa Description An account of the resource Livio Sanuta’s Geografia dell’Africa contains 12 two-page black and white maps, sketched by Livio and engraved by his brother Giulio, depicting Africa and its surrounding waters from a variety of perspectives. Published in Venice in 1588, this book, including its maps, builds on foundational trends in Venetian cartography. Because the Venetian economy depended on maritime trade, much of Venetian cartography, beginning with the creation of portolan charts, focused on waterways. Eventually, by the sixteenth century, during Sanuto’s lifetime, hydrographic mapping took hold as cartographers sought to map river channels and systems for the purpose of environmental planning. Giacomo Gastaldi’s topologically-focused Map of 1564 presents the southern tip of Africa’s hydrographical system and inspired Sanuto’s maps shortly after. Like Gastaldi, Sanuto sought to depict as many of Africa’s geographical features as possible based on eye witness accounts, rather than simply treating Ptolemy’s Geography, a dominant text at the time, as incontestable. Maps one through 11 of Sanuto’s work capture specific regions of Africa, and five of those maps depict different sections of the Mediterranean Sea and the African coastline. The other six maps depict snapshots of other corners of Africa. The twelfth map depicts Africa as a whole. Due to Sanuto’s geographic focus, hills and mountain ranges symbolized by bumplike shapes litter this map, although the difference in size among the symbols is somewhat unclear. Sanuto also depicts rivers, which appear on the map as lines. Each of the rivers are labeled in Italian, as are the surrounding seas, in addition to some of the cities and larger regions. Sanuto concentrates most of his labels and geographic features in the top of his map though, causing some of the labels to almost blend in with the geographic symbols. The surrounding areas of the map primarily depict the ocean, which is represented by a collection of faint dots, and a few sketches of ships and sea monsters. It also includes some labeled islands. In the 11 more zoomed in maps, the mountain ranges and waterways become much clearer, as do their labels, as they no longer overlap. Some of these maps also include port labels, sketches of volcanoes, and sketches of manmade structures, such as castles or clusters of teepees. Additionally, because these maps cover smaller areas, Sanuto varies the sizes of his symbols more, making the difference in size among mountain ranges particularly noticeable. He also adds some indistinguishable clusters of symbols that could represent different types of vegetation. Though maps one through 11 include more details than the twelfth map, Sanuto emphasizes the same primary geographic features across all the maps, and each map contains some form of scale marker, in addition to labeled latitude lines, reflecting the increasing focus on geography and proportion in sixteenth century Venetian cartography. Overall, these maps, and the text that follows in the rest of the Geografia, seek to highlight places of interest in Africa and to describe cities and the people living within them. (Piper Brown 2025) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Livio Sanuto Giulio Sanuto Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Sanuto, Livio. Geografia dell’Africa. Venice: Damiano Zenaro, 1588. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Atlas Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Sanuto, Livio. Geografia dell’Africa: Venice 1588. Amsterdam: Theatrum orbis terrarum, 1965. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1588 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Engraving Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Relation A related resource <a href="https://exhibits.stanford.edu/renaissance-exploration/catalog?f%5Bauthor_person_facet%5D%5B%5D=Sanuto%2C+Livio%2C+1520-1576">https://exhibits.stanford.edu/renaissance-exploration/catalog?f%5Bauthor_person_facet%5D%5B%5D=Sanuto%2C+Livio%2C+1520-1576</a> Language A language of the resource Italian Type The nature or genre of the resource Atlas Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991014759089702971%20">Carleton Library Special Collections (Folio) (DT7 .S25 1965)</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Africa References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Campbell, Tony. “Letter Punches A Little-Known Feature of Early Engraved Maps.” Print Quarterly 4, no. 2 (1987): 151–54. <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/41823757">http://www.jstor.org/stable/41823757</a>. Cosgrove, Denis. “Mapping New Worlds: Culture and Cartography in Sixteenth-Century Venice.” Imago Mundi 44 (1992): 65–89. <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1151230">http://www.jstor.org/stable/1151230</a>. “Geografia dell’ Africa by Sanuto, facsimile with commentary.” Carta Historica, Edelweisslaan 13. Accessed October 18, 2024. <a href="https://www.cartahistorica.com/our-catalogue/reference-works-facsimiles/geografia-dell-africa-by-sanuto-facsimile-with-commentary/">https://www.cartahistorica.com/our-catalogue/reference-works-facsimiles/geografia-dell-africa-by-sanuto-facsimile-with-commentary/</a>. Pastore, Christopher. “Embracing the Other: Venetian Garden Design, Early Modern Travelers, and the Islamic Landscape.” In Gardens of Renaissance Europe and the Islamic Empires: Encounters and Confluences, edited by Mohammad Gharipour, 11–30. Penn State University Press, 2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5325/j.ctv14gpbt3.7">https://doi.org/10.5325/j.ctv14gpbt3.7</a>. Randles, W. G. L. “South-East Africa as Shown on Selected Printed Maps of the Sixteenth Century.” Imago Mundi 13 (1956): 69–88. <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1150243">http://www.jstor.org/stable/1150243</a>. Relaño, Francesc. The Shaping of Africa : Cosmographic Discourse and Cartographic Science in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Burlington, Vt: Ashgate, 2002. Skelton, R.A. “Bibliographical Note.” In Sanuto, Livio. Geografia dell’Africa : Venice 1588. Amsterdam: Theatrum orbis terrarum, 1965. Woodward, David. “The Italian Map Trade, 1480-1650.” In The History of Cartography, vol. 3, part 1, Cartography in the European Renaissance, ed. David Woodward. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Geografia del’Africa Africa latitude mountains ports rivers Scale Bar sea monsters Venice https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/e71287f4dffce6976df70b100185b4fc.jpg bd4b07e2a6fbaa71df3d54d3920a794b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Miller Atlas Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Lopo Homem-Reineis Atlas Description An account of the resource The Miller Atlas is a collection of a eight beautifully embellished maps from 1519. They are attributed to Lopo Homem, Pedro Reinel, and Jorge Reinel, prominent Portuguese cartographers of the time, and António de Holanda, a Dutch miniaturist. The atlas came at a time of strong cartographical presence and development in the area, especially in regards to nautical mapping. These charts cover various sections of the world, including the Atlantic Ocean, Northern Europe, Arabia, India, the Indian Ocean, Brazil, and more. One of the maps is a world map that shows about half of South America, as well as Europe, Africa, and much of Asia. While not all of the maps can be detailed here, a good representation of what they each contain can. The diagram of the Northern Indian Ocean With Arabia and India does this well. The entire map is covered with red and green lines which stem from compass roses. Much of the ocean is filled with drawings of grand ships sailing on small patches of blue water. Oceans are also marked with their names in black text. In the ocean, there are many islands of a variety of colors, some in gold, which stand out significantly. The edges of land are green with the color fading quickly as it goes inland. It appears as though countries are marked with a large red banner with gold writing. Individual city names are written much smaller in red or black. On land, there are a variety of drawings showing what is there. This ranges from castles and palaces, to trees and mountains, to animals and humans. With great attention to detail and use of color, the makers made it easy to envision the area and what one might find there. The Miller Atlas contains maps that differ from earlier maps in a few ways. This can be seen in the iconography, toponymy, and the use of legends to provide information. Additionally, the map uses design components such as red ink to bring out iconic elements and incorporate it into the design. Finally, the atlas is quite innovative in its incredible artwork and inclusion of recent discoveries. It is likely that these maps aimed to represent the Portuguese view of the world. It provides a good visualization of where land masses are in relation to one another, and how the oceans interact and play into this scene. (Josh Madigan 2027) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lopo Homem, Pedro Reinel, Jorge Reinel, and António de Holanda Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, 1519 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Atlas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1519 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Manuscript Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Language A language of the resource Latin Type The nature or genre of the resource Atlas Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991005466629702971">Special Collections (Folio) ; G1026 .A85 2006</a> <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991015219949702971">Special Collections Map (Map, Rolled) ; G1026 .A85 2003</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. World map References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Alegria, Maria, Suzanne Daveau, João Garcia, and Francesc Relaño. "Portuguese Cartography in the Renaissance.” Chapter 38 in The History of Cartography, vol. 3, part 1, Cartography in the European Renaissance, ed. David Woodward. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. <div> Destombes, Marcel. 1937. “Lopo Homem’s Atlas of 1519.” The Geographical Journal 90 (5): 460. https://doi.org/10.2307/1787974. </div> <div> Fernández-Armesto, Felipe. “Maps and Exploration in the Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries.” In The History of Cartography, vol. 3, part 1, Cartography in the European Renaissance, ed. David Woodward. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. </div> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Source gallica.bnf.fr / Bibliothèque nationale de France. Public Domain. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Reinel, Pedro, Jorge Reinel, Lopo Homem, and António de Holanda. Atlas Miller. Barcelona: M. Moleiro Editor, 2003. Relation A related resource <a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/services/engine/search/sru?operation=searchRetrieve&version=1.2&collapsing=disabled&rk=21459;2&query=%28dc.title%20all%20%22Atlas%20Miller%22%29%20and%20dc.relation%20all%20%22cb40887479k%22%20sortby%20dc.title%2Fsort.ascending">Atlas Miller at the Bibliothèque nationale, Paris</a> animals cities elephants flags horses islands lions mountains ocean people ships trees https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/bd8e4d81741db57ffc050820ee1190fa.jpg 6e4d045026f9b10bf8f56e3ad2415673 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource True Description of Cairo Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. La vera descritione dela gran cita del Caiero Description An account of the resource The True Description of Cairo is a remarkable 2 meter by 1 meter woodcut attributed to Matheo Pagano and printed in 1549. The view focuses on the dense residential center of Cairo, with narrow streets and little room between buildings. Surrounding the city itself, Pagano portrays historical events through vignette illustrations, as well as key pieces of the landscape such as the Nile, the Sphinx, and the Pyramids of Giza. Key pieces to note in the city itself are the numerous mosques throughout the city, with detailed depictions of the different types of domes on these mosques. Urban lakes supplied with water from the Great Canal of Cairo are shown. No interiors of buildings nor courtyards within building complexes are portrayed, suggesting that someone like Pagano did not go into many buildings and thus could not accurately depict what they would look like. Beginning just outside the city limits to the northeast, the Nile flows out of the large mountains depicted along the east edge of the view. Emphasis is placed on the Nile and the various ways people interacted with the Nile. Vignettes abound throughout the map, and along the Nile, we see people bathing, washing clothes, collecting water, and even defecating into the river. Ships are also shown throughout the river, suggesting the key role the Nile played in transportation and trade. Amidst the mountains to the east of the city are the Pyramids of Giza. The sculpture of the Sphinx is also shown a bit further south. This Sphinx appears to be female, which was the common opinion among Europeans, while it was always considered to be male by Muslims. The extensive Venetian trade network could explain the numerous city views produced in the 15th and 16th centuries. A view like this one would have been used by merchants, geographers, humanist scholars, and aristocrats to learn something about the landscape of Cairo, the people who lived there, or the things to be traded for. The accompanying text was written by the French humanist and cosmographer, Guillaume Postel. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Matheo Pagano Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Matheo Pagano, La vera descritio ne dela gran cita del Caiero. London, Arcadian Library. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Sheet map Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Pagano, Matheo, and Guillaume Postel. The True Description of Cairo: a Sixteenth-Century Venetian View, edited by Nicholas Warner. Oxford: Arcadian Library in association with Oxford University Press, 2006. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1549 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Woodcut Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Relation A related resource <a href="https://id.smb.museum/object/987806/ansicht-der-stadt-kairo-la-vera-descritione-de-la-gran-cita-del-caiero" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">"La vera descritione de la grand cita del Caiero" (ca. 1549) from the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Kuperstichkabinett </a> Language A language of the resource Latin Type The nature or genre of the resource City View Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991012074329702971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Special Collections (Map, Rolled) DT144.P34 2006</a> <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991012074329702971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Special Collections (Books, Quarto) DT144 .P34 2006</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Cairo References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Pelletier, Monique. "National and Regional Mapping in France to About 1650." In The History of Cartography, vol. 3, edited by David Woodward, 1480-1503. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Warner, Nicholas. "The True Description of Cairo" April 10, 2012. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKDlo3dTwl4%C2%A0">The Metropolitan Museum of Art (lecture)</a>. Woodward, David. "The Italian Map Trade, 1480-1650." In The History of Cartography, vol. 3, edited by David Woodward, 773-803. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/c7bd41cdaf46684e1622c8fbf59ba02a.jpg da36d6b5c4ba9b13999e9bb624abd0a4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Menazilname, 1537 Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Beyân-ı Menâzil-i Sefer-i Irâkeyn-i Sultân Süleymân Hân Description An account of the resource The collection of images in Matrakçı Nasuh’s Menazilname serves as an “account of Sultan Süleyman Süleyman Khan’s Iraqi campaign,” according to an article on the map from Facsimile Finder. In this book there are 107 paintings printed with ink on paper. These paintings show, in stylized detail, the places that the Ottoman army visited while traveling from Istanbul to Baghdad and their return. The artist was a Bosnian in the Ottoman court who is regarded as a talented geographer, historian, and mathematician, but was not on the court of painters. The type of cartography that Nasuh illustrated matched the tradition of Ottoman cartography at the time: highly stylized and not based on navigational accuracy, instead displaying conditions and places at the time the Ottomans encountered them. Whether it be the vast countryside in spring with vibrant greens, Mesopotamian villages, or major cities with landmarks represented, this type of map serves as an aid to visualize the landscape of the campaign, even centuries later. When you look at this book, each flip of the page shows an entirely different image. As the campaign enters a desert area, the landscape turns tan; as the weather changes from springtime, when the campaign started, to other seasons, the viewer can tell by the color scheme. Interspersed between full-page landscape images are passages in Ottoman Turkish regarding the details of the map. Sometimes the text is written on full pages, with no images; at other times, it is included in the images, describing the qualities of the illustrations. The image of Istanbul, depicted in this manuscript is centered on the Golden Horn and is rich with detail. However, with further analysis, one will note that no people are shown, a stylistic choice standard for Ottoman cartography in this time period. There are also no roads between buildings. The Hagia Sophia, Topkapı Palace, Galata Tower, and even the Maiden Tower are all shown. The map is positioned lengthwise on two sheets of the facsimile. The Galata Tower marks the edge of the city, beyond which is the countryside. Because the map positions the Galata Tower at the top of the page, it does not point due north, further indicating that these maps are for commemoration rather than geographical or navigational knowledge. The city is surrounded by the Walls of Istanbul, which would have stood at the time of the campaign. As the campaign moves out of Istanbul and into the small cities and countryside, the map starts to depict Ottoman camps. The camps do not impose on the landscape, but instead appear as small clusters outside of the cities. The same arrangement of tents—one large red one surrounded by four or five smaller brown ones—comes up frequently, but still people are not shown. This depiction of the Ottoman military campaign by Nasuh serves as a different approach to regional and itinerary mapping. It is a commemoration rather than a domination, and highlights the beauty of architecture and nature in one work. (Melissa Uc 2024) Author’s Note: While referred to as “Mezailname,” (the primary title), other scholarship, referring to a work with the same shelf number and the same images and page numbers call the work “Mecamū‘a-i menāzil.” Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Matrakçı Nasuh Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Nasuh, Matrakçı. Beyân-ı Menâzil-i Sefer-i Irâkeyn-i Sultân Süleymân Hân; Menazilname. Istanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi, 1537. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Map in book Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Nasuh, Matrakçı. Swordsman, Historian, Mathematician, Artist, Calligrapher Matrakçı Nasuh and His Menazilname : Account of the Stages of Sultan Süleyman Khan’s Iraqi Campaign. İstanbul: MASA, 2015. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1537 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Ink on paper Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Relation A related resource <a href="https://www.facsimilefinder.com/facsimiles/menazilname-facsimile" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Presentation at Facsimile Finder</a> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Matrak%C3%A7%C4%B1_Nasuh_-_%C4%B0stanbul.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View of Istanbul at Wikimedia Commons</a> Language A language of the resource Ottoman Turkish Type The nature or genre of the resource Regional map Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991017304377902971">Special Collections (Books, Quarto) ; DR507.N373 A83 2015</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Turkey, Syria, Iran, Iraq References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Facsimile Finder. "Menazilname." Facsimile Finder. https://www.facsimilefinder.com/facsimiles/menazilname-facsimile. Necipoğlu, Gülru. "The Aesthetics of Empire: Arts, Politics and Commerce in the Construction of Sultan Süleyman's Magnificence." In The Battle for Central Europe : the Siege of Szigetvár and the Death of Süleyman the Magnificent and Nicholas Zrínyi (1566), by Pál. Fodor, 115-59. Leiden: Brill NV, 2019. Nasuh, Matrakçı. Swordsman, Historian, Mathematician, Artist, Calligrapher Matrakçı Nasuh and His Menazilname : Account of the Stages of Sultan Süleyman Khan’s Iraqi Campaign. İstanbul: MASA, 2015. Rogers, J. M. "Itineraries and Town Views in Ottoman Histories." In The History of Cartography, by J. B. Harley, David Woodward, Matthew H. Edney, Mary Sponberg Pedley, and Mark S. Monmonier, 228-55. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. buildings cities drawing Istanbul itinerary military campaigns Ottoman Empire water https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/778cde0848c34fc1a29ee9ca0eddc368.jpeg a3e18b908196309d70d6e890ef3e4ed6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Hildesia / Hildesheim" from Topographie Niedersachsen Description An account of the resource Matthäeus Merian the Elder was born in Basel (modern Switzerland) in 1593. He began his career as a stained glass designer, but switched to engraving, working under Dietrich Meyer (1572-1658). In his early career, Merian the Elder found work in Strasburg, Paris, Stuttgart, and finally Oppenheim, where he was employed at the publishing firm of Johann Theodor de Bry. He went on to marry de Bry’s daughter, and the two returned to Basel where their first son, Matthäeus the Younger was born in 1621. In 1623, de Bry died, leaving his workshop in sole possession of his son-in-law. Matthäeus the Elder operated for the remainder of his life out of Oppenheim and the nearby city of Frankfurt until his death in 1650. Matthäeus Merian the Younger also went on to work as an engraver as well as a portrait painter. He spent much of his youth traveling, spending considerable time in Italy and Nuremberg. Upon his father’s death, he took over management of the workshop. Matthäeus the Younger likely contributed illustrations to the Topographia Germaniae, and was responsible for publishing the remaining volumes after 1650. This engraving of the city Hildesheim is originally from the Topographie Niedersachsen, written by Martin Zeiler and illustrated in the workshop of Matthäeus Merian. It is one of two representations of this German city in the atlas series; the other is a plan view. This black-and-white engraving depicts the city from an elevated position in the northeast, as if the viewer is looking from a hill outside the city or looking from a bird’s eye view. The upper two fifths of this city view is the sky. In the middle of the sky is the emblem of the city, which features an eagle. The emblem is surrounded by a wreath decorated with flowing ribbons on the top. The name of the city, in both Latin and German forms, appears on the two sides of the emblem. Blank white space represents the sky, while horizontal lines form organic shapes to represent clouds. Below the sky, we see the distant hills and farmlands outside the city. Trees cover most of the hills. Small, thin, wiggly and repetitive lines depict the distant forests. In contrast to the dense forest, the rather blank area with parallel lines are the farmlands. Some marks suggestive of towns do exist, but they are not as elaborate or detailed as those near or inside the city. The city appears in the middle ground, protected by a fortified wall and a moat. Due to the elevated perspective, the buildings’ roofs are the main subjects, while tree canopies appear occasionally. No animals or human figures appear inside the city. The engraver successfully conveys a large variety of buildings with small liner strokes, including buildings with complex pointed towers. By changing how packed the lines are, the engraver creates shadows and shading to suggest the light comes from the east. Capitalized letters appear next to some of the buildings. A viewer can find the names for those buildings using the scroll with explanatory legends at the bottom of the engraving. The engraver depicts a peaceful Hildesheim, not interrupted by the Thirty-Years War. David Paisey says: “the Topographiae Germaniae, comprising hundreds of engravings, of which Merian was justly proud, record[ed] as he intended a Germany untouched by the dreadful War that lasted most of his adult life." (Paisey 85) A closeup depiction of the countryside and a hill are in the foreground. In this area, human figures and animals are occupied with daily activities. For example, in the lower left, two figures and a three- horse wagon are heading toward the city gate. There are also farmers sowing the farmlands and travelers resting on the hill. (Yuewei Wang ‘24 and Evan Orjala ‘24) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Matthäeus Merian the Elder, Matthäeus Merian the Younger Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Merian the Elder, Matthäeus, and Martin Zeiler. Topographie Niedersachsen. Frankfurt, 1641-54. Gould Library Special Collections & Archives, Carleton College, Northfield, MN. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Sheet map removed from an atlas or book. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1653 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Engraving Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Relation A related resource <a href="https://www.dhm.de/mediathek/merians-deutschland-1642-1654/bildergalerie-topographia-germaniae/band-14-niedersachsen-sachsen-anhalt/?tx_dhm_gallery%5BgalleryItem%5D=510&tx_dhm_gallery%5Baction%5D=show&tx_dhm_gallery%5Bcontroller%5D=Gallery&cHash=ac020764ef7c8f73b593ca109e9a19ce" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View of Hildesia/Hildsheim. Merian's Germany at the Deutsches Historisches Museum</a> Language A language of the resource Latin, German. Type The nature or genre of the resource city view Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991014884019702971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Carleton Library Oversize Books (D915 .Z4 1644a)</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Hildesheim, Germany. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Harley, J. B., David Woodward, Mark S. Monmonier, and Mary Sponberg Pedley. The History of Cartography. Edited by J. B. (John Brian) Harley, David Woodward, Mark S. Monmonier, and Mary Sponberg Pedley. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. Merian, Matthaeus, and Joannes Jonstonus. 1300 Real and Fanciful Animals : from Seventeenth-Century Engravings, Matthäus Merian the Younger. Mineola, N.Y: Dover Publications, 1998. Paisey, David. Review of Matthaeus Merian, by Wilhelm Bingsohn, Ulrike Fuchs, Rosa Neugebauer, and Ute Schneider. Print Quarterly 12, no. 1 (1995): 83–85. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41825192. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. 17th century animals churches city views city walls countryside Europe farms forests Germany hills horses people trees Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Great Britain Description An account of the resource In the thirteenth century, a monk by the name of Matthew Paris entered the Abbey of St. Albans. During his time as a monk, he created many works of history with extensive illustrations, including several beautifully detailed maps of Great Britain. This map, showing all of Great Britain, highlights rivers and regions primarily. It is highly schematized, representing how people at the time perceived the terrain, as opposed to the geographic reality. Additionally, this map highlights the many towns and cities scattered throughout the British mainland, as well as cultural or political divisions. Hadrian’s Wall is displayed prominently, dividing Scotland from the rest of England. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Matthew Paris Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived British Library, Cotton MS Claudius D VI, Folio 12v. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Matthew Paris, Four Maps of Great Britain, ed. J. P. Gilson. London: Oxford University Press, 1928. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 13th Century Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN. Relation A related resource www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/mapsviews/mapgb/large17694.html Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .jpg Language A language of the resource Latin Type The nature or genre of the resource Regional Map Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991008258729702971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Carleton Library, Special Collections (Folio) GA793.3 .P3 1928</a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Local 13th century Britain coastline England Hadrian's Wall itinerary manuscript Matthew Paris rivers Scotland St Albans https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/c619d81c7c2e201ded40deae795f4d4f.jpg 5ac4991256da09128c0e067ba85f28bf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cusanus Map Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Parva Germania; Eichstätt Map Description An account of the resource This map depicts central Europe, from the Baltic Sea down to Venice, and from Flanders to the Crimean peninsula. It mainly focuses on cities and the major natural features of the landscape, such as seas, major lakes and rivers, and large forests, as well as many islands. A clear effort was made to be faithful to the current knowledge of the area, with many places and modern cities easily recognizable. Every city, body of water, and region is labeled in Latin. Each city is represented by a little drawing of a building, or several buildings for larger cities. The city of Varad, now Oradea in Transylvania, for example, is drawn as a large castle, but the many large settlements along the Rhine River are each drawn as multiple large buildings, also indicating their size, but showing that they are different, perhaps less hostile to the people making the map. Similarly, the forests are drawn with trees of different sizes and densities in different places, holding a lot of detail about the terrain in a very simple way. These features keep the map feeling uncluttered and simple without compromising on detail. There was also a lot of care paid to the rivers, with many minor rivers filled in where a different map maker might not have deemed them important enough for such a large scale map. The map was clearly made through different accounts of regions being synthesized into one whole map, as some places appear to be out of place slightly when compared to the entire map, but everything is extremely precise relative to the things close to them. It is also notable that the bottom edge of the map had been drawn, and then a decision was made to continue south, likely as a new source was found with knowledge of that southern area. The map is also written in Latin instead of German or any other commonly spoken language of the area at that time, indicating that this is more of an academic source than one designed for popular consumption. (Nicholas McGlashan 2027) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nicholas Cusanus Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Nuremberg, Germanisches Nationalmuseum, La214 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Sheet map Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Kreuer, Werner. Monumenta cartographica 1490-1525 : kartographische Denkmäler, ein Triumph über die Zeit : Essener Bearbeitung von sechs Tafeln aus der Frühzeit der Kartographie mit sechs Vollfaksimilierungen. Essen: Institut für Geographie der Universität GH Essen, 1996. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1491 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Engraving Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, Mn Relation A related resource <a href="https://primo.uni-due.de/permalink/49HBZ_UDE/1uttatt/alma990007686140206446">https://primo.uni-due.de/permalink/49HBZ_UDE/1uttatt/alma990007686140206446</a> Language A language of the resource Latin Type The nature or genre of the resource Regional Map Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991015014199702971">Special Collections (Flat Files) ; </a><a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991015014199702971">GA873.5 .K73 1996</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Central Europe References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. <div> Meurer, Peter H. “Cartography in the German Lands, 1450 –1650.” In History of Cartography, Volume 3, 1172–74, n.d. https://press.uchicago.edu/books/hoc/HOC_V3_Pt2/HOC_VOLUME3_Part2_chapter42.pdf. </div> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. Central Europe Germany Nicholas Cusanus sheet map https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/622ad4cd37baba75875d5dc0f2ad924b.JPG 39bd395b8d218ac79e534ba85905c953 https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/7b58e7167e5347a6211e2901494fee7e.JPG 963237d260c63a057edf376656c95a00 https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/700620d844df4eb6b6ad8272a30bbfbf.JPG c99444403152152ac4ba0eedf875ee2d https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/10dd108c942d58839009e58091537c78.JPG 0fb00ec4cbd63eb6c224711e1756857a https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/0779f2db0f99140f9af4545811f6746d.JPG 25cfbd2e4ba818c15c7831a37a6d242b https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/48a406594f9331ee15fd35b4a3d2061b.JPG d63d76fd29391babcc9d313cc863f3eb https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/e08293c0105ea7757a19d32aab3626dc.JPG 6e57498362c89432edffbbf5b6090da5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Atlas of Borso D'Este Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. L’atlante di Borso D’Este La Cosmographia di Claudio Tolomeo Description An account of the resource Around 1466 Nicolaus Germanus was able to convert information contained in Ptolemy’s Geography into an atlas of the world that he would eventually present to renowned patron Borso d’Este of Ferrara. The atlas is rather large, and needs to be laid out on a table and studied from above in order to properly absorb what it has to show. The first map shown in the atlas is that of most of the known world from the time, stretching from Iberia in the West to India in the East. Each of the following pages in the atlas proceeds to focus in on a smaller section of the world. The geographical markers on the maps are all in Latin, as are each of the paragraphs of information about each regional/subsectional map that can be read on the preceding page. These paragraphs are helpful for learning more about the region and can show us how Europe thought about various reaches of the world in the 1460s. Each map in the atlas displays country names in gold, region names in red, regional boundaries as dotted red lines, and cities as small golden dots accompanied by their respective names. Rivers and seas are deep royal blue and mountain ranges are swaths of light and dark brown. Perhaps the most eye-catching and noteworthy of all the features on these maps, however, is the longitudinal and latitudinal coordinate system that borders each. This is information that Germanus took directly from Ptolemy’s Geography (which was one of many new manuscripts that had just recently been brought west from Constantinople) and plotted visually. Ptolemy had noted in his work that maps of such a large scale as the entire known world would require “curved and inclined” lines to properly mimic the form of the earth, so Germanus listened. These curved lines can be best seen on the first map in the atlas, which really shows the projected shape of Earth better than any of the smaller, regional maps in the rest of the atlas that seem to neglect Earth’s curvature altogether. The first map also shares the same shape as one of Ptolemy’s earliest graticules (drawn in his Geography), adding confusion and suspicion to understanding whether or not Germanus copied these maps from Ptolemy’s work or if he crafted them himself. Regardless of this ambiguity, this atlas is still one of the earliest examples of Ptolemy’s theory in praxis, and was quickly adopted as a “visual companion” for Ptolemy’s work and thought. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nicolaus Germanus Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Biblioteca Estense Universitaria di Modena: Il Bulino, edizione d'arte, 2006. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Atlas Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Modena : Il Bulino, edizioni d'arte Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1466. Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Manuscript Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Language A language of the resource Latin, Italian Type The nature or genre of the resource world map, regional map, atlas Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991003262359702971&context=L&vid=01BRC_INST:CCO&lang=en&search_scope=CCO_MyCampus_PCI&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,l%27atlante%20borso%20d%27este&offset=0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Special Collections (Horizontal Shelving) G1005 1466 .F4 2006</a> References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Dalché, Patrick Gautier. "The Reception of Ptolemy’s Geography (End of the Fourteenth to Beginning of the Sixteenth Century)" in The History of Cartography, Vol. 3, edited by David Woodward, 320-321. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Roberts, Sean E. "Printing a Mediterranean World: Florence, Constantinople, and the Renaissance of Geography" 22-25. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.32250. EPUB. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. atlas early maps facsimile Ferarra Italy manuscript map Modena Nicolaus Germanus Ptolemy https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/672d77d3fdcbc292a3ada3f328b3c040.jpg aedf1c50ed5e37d80fe8bb5082dfb648 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Carta Marina Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Map of the Sea Description An account of the resource Olaus Magnus’ Carta Marina, published in 1539, is an impressively detailed map of Scandinavia, made of nine woodblock-printed panels in full color. It has thin, exact lines in black ink that outline both the land and water of the region. The seas–the Norwegian Sea, North Sea, and Baltic Sea–are emphasized, composing nearly half of the map. There are several wind roses with lines that extend and overlap across the face of the map. In the lower left corner, there is a description, and in the lower right corner, a legend. In addition to the precise rendering of the geography of the area, there are careful depictions of numerous animals, landscape features, and peoples that cover the land. The sea is full of ships and sea creatures. Labels in Latin script identify more than 900 locations, peoples, and creatures of the area. Olaus Magnus was a Catholic archbishop in Sweden at the time of the Reformation. Both on diplomatic missions for the king and for the Pope, Olaus Magnus traveled widely and was very educated. As the Swedish church became Lutheran, he was exiled to Italy after refusing to join the new regime. His Carta Marina, published with the permission of the Pope, has a strong Counter-Reformation sentiment evident in its descriptions. It is also very patriotic to his home of Sweden, and asserts Sweden as a significant and modern nation, with a rich history in the origin of the Goths. The Carta Marina was the most comprehensive map of Scandinavia at the time, as preceding maps like those of Ptolemy were largely vague regarding the Northern regions. While drawing inspiration from Ptolemaic geography, evident in his use of longitude and latitude lines, Olaus Magnus sought to establish a more accurate and educational depiction of the area. However, he was not necessarily a cartographer by profession, and aspects of his spatial representation, in particular the “graduation” of the map, are unclear. Supporting the educational purpose of this map, in a text conceived as a robust legend to the Carta Marina – Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus, or “Description of the Northern Peoples” – Olaus Magnus explores the ethnography, history, and natural history of Scandinavia in 22 books. Olaus Magnus’ depiction of sea creatures and monsters is of note, as they are a very prominent feature of his articulation of the seas. These creatures both show fish as a major resource of the region, as well as reference classical and Northern monsters. This attention to sea monsters aids Olaus Magnus’ intention to depict the Northern region as full of wonders. (Lucy Watson 2026) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Olaus Magnus Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Sheet map Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Nigg, Joe. Sea Monsters : A Voyage around the World’s Most Beguiling Map. Chicago ; The University of Chicago Press, 2013. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1539 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Wood cut Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Relation A related resource <a href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/gdcwdl.wdl_03037/?r=0.264,0.208,0.419,0.276,0">Carta marina at the Library of Congress</a> Language A language of the resource Latin Type The nature or genre of the resource Regional map Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?context=L&vid=01BRC_INST:CCO&search_scope=CCO_MyCampus_PCI&tab=Everything&docid=alma991004476099702971">Special Collections (Flat Files) ; </a><a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?context=L&vid=01BRC_INST:CCO&search_scope=CCO_MyCampus_PCI&tab=Everything&docid=alma991004476099702971">GA951.O53 N54 2013</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Scandinavia Finland, Norway, Sweden References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Granlund, John. "The Carta Marina of Olaus Magnus." Imago Mundi 8, no. 1 (1951): 35-43. Miekkavaara, Leena. "Unknown Europe: The mapping of the Northern countries by Olaus Magnus in 1539." Belgeo. Revue belge de géographie 3-4 (2008): 307-324. Sandmo, Erling. “Dwellers of the Waves: Sea Monsters, Classical History, and Religion in Olaus Magnus’s Carta Marina.” Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift 74, no. 4 (2020): 237–49. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use. Baltic Sea North Sea Scandinavia sea monsters