https://hist231.hist.sites.carleton.edu/files/original/a6ba5fa69af05569e0224ab348c191c1.jpeg d149c84abf6a6801c96aa19d6148aadb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Girona Codex Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Códice de Girona Girona Beatus – Beato de Liébana, códice del Monasterio de San Salvador de Tábara, Zamora Description An account of the resource This map is a mappamundi that illustrates Beatus of Liebana’s Girona Codex, one of the most highly decorated manuscripts of his Commentary on the Apocalypse written in the eighth century. This codex was likely made at the monastery of San Salvador de Tábara in 975 CE and was donated to the Cathedral of Girona in 1078. It contains many widely varied introductory paintings, eighty one illustrations of the apocalypse and ten illustrations of the prophecy of Daniel from the Old Testament. This mappamundi is relatively characteristic of other Beatus mappamundi from the time. It displays Arabic influence in Spain through its use of opaque colors and other decorative elements reminiscent of the Arab world. The map is oriented with east at the top and has Adam and Eve enclosed in a square paradise at the top with the snake curling around the edge of the box. The world is encircled by a large ocean with depictions of fish drawn in a noticeably Islamic style. This Islamic influence points to a conflict in the tenth century on the Iberian peninsula between Muslim space and Christian space. Beatus sought to fight back against the spread of Islam by solidifying the Christian space within his maps. This Beatus mappamundi has the general shape of a TO map which was fairly common at the time, where Asia, Europe, and Africa are divided by different waterways, with Asia at the top, Europe on the bottom left, and Africa on the bottom right. However, this map (and other Beatus maps) differs because of the inclusion of a fourth continent on the right edge of the map, on the other side of the Red Sea. In this section of the map, Beatus informs the viewer that this continent is unknown because of the sun's heat but is inhabited by a race called the Antipodeans. Following the evangelical subject of the work the map appears in, the inclusion of this continent highlights the apostles' mission to bring Christianity to every corner of the earth. The mission of the apostles suggested in this map played a key part in reestablishing a comprehensive Christian realm. The map depicts many waterways in different shades of blue, the larger ones containing multiple islands, especially in the vertical dividing water in the center of the map. The map contains many yellow, tan, green, and gray mountains mostly concentrated in Asia. It also includes multiple countries and regions, but only in name and without any artistic representation. (Perry Hefferren-Harkless 2027) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beatus of Liébana Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Girona Beatus Mappamundi, ca. 975, Museo de la Catedral, MS. 10, Girona, Spain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Map in manuscript Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Códice de Girona. Barcelona: M. Moleiro Editor, 2003. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 6, 975 CE Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Manuscript Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Special Collections, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Relation A related resource https://www.facsimilefinder.com/facsimiles/beatus-liebana-girona-codex-facsimile https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Beato_de_Gerona#/media/File:Mapamundi_del_Beato_de_Gerona_(Tesoro_de_la_catedral_de_Gerona).jpg Language A language of the resource Latin Type The nature or genre of the resource World map Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://bridge.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01BRC_INST/1tn7c8c/alma991005102309702971">Special Collections (Flat Files) ; ND3361.R52 B43 2003</a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Europe Africa Asia References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. David Woodward. "Medieval Mappaemundi" in Harley, J. B. (John Brian) and David Woodward (Eds.), The History of Cartography, pp. 286-368. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. Emily Goetsch, “World Maps and Waterways: Place and Space in the Beatus Mappaemundi” in Meg Boulton, Jane Hawkes, Heidi Stoner (Eds.), Place and Space in the Medieval World, pp. 198-209. New York: Routledge, 2018. Facsimile Finder - Medieval Manuscript Facsimiles. “Beatus of Liébana - Girona Codex.” Accessed October 18, 2024. <a href="https://www.facsimilefinder.com/facsimiles/beatus-liebana-girona-codex-facsimile">https://www.facsimilefinder.com/facsimiles/beatus-liebana-girona-codex-facsimile</a> John Williams. The Illustrated Beatus : A Corpus of the Illustrations of the Commentary on the Apocalypse. London: Harvey Miller Publishers, 1994. Victoria Morse, “The Role of Maps in Later Medieval Society: Twelfth to Fourteenth Century” in Harley, J. B. (John Brian) and David Woodward (Eds.), The History of Cartography, vol. 3 part 2, Cartography in the European Renaissance pp. 25-52. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights for maps held by individual publishers and institutions. Thumbnails displayed constitute fair use.